336 PHYLUM ARTHROPODA. 
arrangement, into the digestive region or chyle stomach, 
which is separated by a pylorus from the coiled small 
intestine. The inner wall of the small intestine bears 
numerous rows of chitinous teeth set in longitudinal ridges, 
and is perforated by the apertures of the excretory tubules. 
At the junction of the small with the large intestine there 
are six brownish plates, perhaps functioning as valves. 
Inconnection with the anterior 
region of the gut there is a very 
complicated series of glands. 
First we have, in the workers 
only, on either side of the head, 
a long coiled gland which is 
intracellular in type. Itis largest 
in the so-called ‘‘ nurses” which 
feed the young, and diminishes 
in size later. According to Mr. 
Cheshire, this gland secretes a 
nitrogenous fluid which is fur- 
nished to all the larva in their 
early stages, but is supplied to 
the future queen during the 
whole of the feeding period, and 
also during the period of egg- 
laying ; this secretion was form- 
erly termed ‘‘royal jelly.” In 
addition to this pair of glands, 
there are in the worker three 
other gland systems. Of these, 
the second and third pairs have 
a common central outlet on the 
mentum, and secrete the saliva, 
which is plentifully mixed with 
the nectar during suction. The 
fourth pair is small, and the 
ducts open just within the mand- 
Fic. 180.—Food canal of bee,—In ible. The last three pairs of 
part after Cheshire. glands are found also in drone 
and queen. 
mx., Maxilla; @., antenna; ¢., eye; sg, 
salivary glands; o¢., cesophagus; 4.5., ‘ re 
honey-sac; s., stopper; c.s., chylifie | The method of feeding in 
stomach ; 7.2, Malpighian tubules; s.2., the bee di : 
small intestine; 42, large intestine; : e bee differs considerably 
st., sting. in the three types. In the 
; worker, the honey sucked 
up from flowers is mixed with saliva, passes down the gullet 
into the crop, thence by the opening of the “stomach 
