586. AMPHIBIA. 
or humerus, a fore-arm in which the inner radius and the 
outer ulna are fused, a wrist or carpus including two 
Fic. 316.—Pectoral girdle of Rana esculenta. 
—After Ecker. 
The cartilaginous parts are dotted. Z%., Episternum ; 07., omo- 
sternum; £%.c., epicoracoids ; sz., sternum $ Bey xiphisternum 3 
cl., clavicle with underlying precoracoid cartilage 3 3 €0., Cora 
coid ; 3 Se., scapula; S.sc., supra-scapula; GZ, glenoid cavity 
for humerus. 
proximal and three distal elements, and a central piece 
wedged in between them, five metacarpal bones, of which 
the first—corresponding to the absent thumb—is very 
Fic. 317.—Side view of frog’s pelvis. —After Ecker. 
i2., Uium; Zs., ischium ; Pd., pubis; 4c., acetabulum. 
small, and four fingers, of which the two innermost have 
two joints or phalanges, while the two others have three. 
The pelvic girdle is shaped like a V, or like a pair of 
tongs. The ends are cartilaginous and articulate with the 
