INSECTIVORA. 779 
The cecum is very short. The kidneys are divided into lobules. 
The mamme are two or four in number, and lie on the abdomen. 
The young are ‘‘ precocious.” 
Family Otariide.—Eared or fur-seals, connecting the Pinnipeds with 
the Fissipeds. The hind-feet can be turned forward and used on 
land in the normal fashion. The palms and soles are naked. 
There is a small external ear. The testes lie in an external 
scrotum, 
2u 47%, Pacific and S, Temperate seas. 
Family Trichechidae—Walruses, intermediate between the Otariidae 
and the seals. The hind-feet can be turned forwards and used 
on land. The upper canines form large tusks; the other teeth: 
are small, single rooted, and apt to fall out ; those generally in 
use are a but the dentition of the foetus is ee. 
The jaw seems relatively short, an adaptation perhaps to mussel- 
crushing instead of fish-catching. 
There are no external ears. 
The walrus or morse, Zrichechus (Arctic). 
Family Phocidee—Seals, the most specialised Pinnipeds, The hind- 
limbs are stretched out behind, and the strange jumping move- 
ments on land are effected by the trunk, sometimes helped by- 
the fore-limbs. The palms and soles are hairy. There are well- 
developed canines; the upper incisors have pointed crowns ;. 
there are 2 back teeth. There is no external ear, The testes. 
are abdominal. 
The sea-lion O¢aria, 
The common seal (Phoca), ae the grey seal (Halicharus),. 
the monk seal (Afonachus), the large elephant seal (Macrorhinus 
leoninus). 
Order INSECTIVORA 
This order includes hedgehog, mole, shrews, and related: 
mammals usually of small size. There is much diversity: 
of type, so that a statement of general characters is very 
difficult. 
Most Insectivores run about on the earth; the mole 
(Zalpa), and others like it, are burrowers; Potamogale, 
Myogale, and others are aquatic; Zupaia and its relatives. 
live like squirrels among the branches, 
Most feed on insects; some arboreal forms eat leaves. 
as well; the moles eat worms; Fotamogale is said to feed. 
on fish. 
The body is usually covered with soft fur, but the hedge- 
hog (Z7inaceus) is spiny, and so to a less extent is Centetes, 
the ground-hog of Madagascar. The digits, usually five in 
