HOMINID. 
dorso-lumbar vertebre. There is 
no os centrale inthe carpus. They 
live in families in the forest, and 
feed on fruits. As regards size, 
the gorillas are most like man. 
The males are much larger than 
the females. 
The Chimpanzees (Anthropo- 
pithecus) live in Western and 
Central Equatorial Africa. They 
do not exceed a height of 5 ft. 
The arms reach a little below the 
knee: They walk on the backs 
of their closed hands and on their 
soles or closed toes. The skull 
has no high crests. The supra- 
orbital ridges are distinct. The 
canines are smaller than in gorilla 
or orang. There is no centrale 
in the carpus. There are vocal 
sacs, 
families in the forest, and are 
chiefly arboreal, making nests in 
trees. They seem to feed on 
fruits. In the sigmoid curvature 
of the vertebral column the chim- 
panzees are most like man. 
In connection with the an- 
thropoid apes may be noticed 
Lithecanthropos erectus, a new 
genus erected by Dubois from the 
top of a skull, some teeth, and a 
femur found by him (fossil) in Java, 
and believed to represent a fornt 
intermediate between man and the - 
Anthropoid apes. 
Family 5. Hominip& 
Genus Homo 
The distinctiveness of man 
from his nearest allies de- 
pends on his power of build- 
ing up ideas and of guiding 
his conduct by ideals. But 
there are some structural 
peculiarities of interest. 
The chimpanzees live in’ 
79% 
Fic. 420.—Skeleton of male gorilla, 
el., Clavicle; sc., tip of scapula; S., 
presternum; 4., humerus; ~, radius} 
w., ulna; £2, ilium; C., coccyx; P., 
pubis; /s., ischium; #., femur; 4, 
tibia; 7, fibula. 
