ELM FAMILY 



63 



serrate, 3-4 in. long. Flowers in close clusters with very short pedi- 

 cels. Fruit obovate-elliptical, with a fissure extending almost to the 

 seed, nearly smooth and not ciliate. Considerably planted as a shade 

 tree and rarely escaped from cultivation. Very variable, one variety 

 with thick ridges of cork on the twigs. 



3. U. americana L. White Elm. A large tree with gray bark, 

 drooping branches, and smooth or slightly downy twigs. Leaves oval 

 or obovate, abruptly taper-pointed at the apex, obtuse and oblique at 

 the base, slightly rough above, soft-downy or soon smooth beneath. 

 Flowers in close fascicles; pedicels slender, smooth. Fruit oval or 

 obovate, with 2 sharp teeth bending toward each other at the apex ; 



Fig. 12. JJlmus campestris 



A, a flowering twig; B, a flower; C, longitudinal section of a flower; D, a. 

 Iruit. {A, D, natural size ; B, C, enlarged.) (After Wossidlo) 



wing reticulate-veined, downy on the margin. In moist, rich soil- 

 A widely planted ornamental tree ; wood strong but warping badly,, 

 and not durable when exposed.* 



4. U. racemosa Thomas. Cork Elm, Rock Elm. A large tree 80- 

 100 ft. high, with the young twigs somewhat downy ; the branches 

 often with ridges of cork. Leaves much as in U. americana, but 

 smaller and less sharply serrate. Flowers racemed, on thread-like 

 pedicels. Fruit oval, downy on the surface and densely ciliate. 

 In rich soil, especially along river banks. A highly valuable timber 

 tree. 



5. U. alata Michx. Winged Elm. A small tree with branches- 

 corky-winged. Leaves small, ovate-lanceolate, acute, sharply serrate,, 

 base nearly equal-sided, rough above, downy beneath, nearly sessile.. 



