Management of the Bull 57 
are a loose, mellow hide; a bold, bright eye; an active 
gait and disposition. These are of great importance 
as indicating capacity to reproduce similar character- 
istics in his offspring. 
Management of the bull.—The management of the 
bull on a dairy farm is often a matter of a good 
deal of trouble and perplexity. In a herd of ordi- 
nary size a single -bull is sufficient, and it is usually 
necessary that he be kept from the herd during the 
greater part of the year. This means that he must 
be. kept in solitary confinement. The result of this 
is, too often, that his temper becomes uncertain, and 
his breeding powers impaired from lack of exercise. 
In all cases where it is possible to do so, it is better 
that the bull should run with the herd of cows. 
With a little care this can frequently be done, par- 
ticularly during the summer and fall, when the cows 
are all pregnant in a spring calving herd, and in the 
spring and early summer, when the cows are all 
pregnant in a fall calving herd. 
The powers and temper of a bull may also be safe- 
guarded by giving him exercise on a tread-power, or 
hitehed by a long rope or chain to a wire between 
two upright posts, or attached to a pole balanced 
upon a post so that he may move around it. Occa- 
sionally, also, the labor of a bull may be utilized 
upon ‘a tread-power for cutting feed, pumping water, 
or separating milk. Sometimes a particularly handy 
owner will break a bull to work to harness or in a 
cart. It may even be time and labor well spent to 
give a bull walking exercise. A good, vigorous ani- 
