Standards 151 
Standards.—The commissions that are now super- 
vising the production of certified milk have established 
various standards as to composition and bacterial con- 
tent. Most of these standards exclude from certifica- 
tion milk that has a general bacterial content of more 
than from 10,000 to 30,000 per cubic centimeter, and 
the requirement as to fat-content is usually some- 
what more than 4 per cent. It is not at all uncom- 
mon for careful producers to secure milk having but 
a few hundred bacteria per cubic centimeter. 
Production.—In the production of certified milk, it 
is quite essential that the stables be constructed with 
partieular reference to cleanliness. As the labor in- 
volved is one of the most important factors in the 
expense of production, the ease with which the stable 
may be kept clean becomes an important factor. As 
wood was formerly the cheapest of the building ma- 
terials in this country, it was used largely and, in many 
eases, almost exclusively, in the construction of sta- 
bles; but, as the certified milk producer desires the 
most sanitary and at the same time the most durable 
structure, he has eliminated wood as a building ma- 
terial to a large degree. While glazed tile and glazed 
brick make a most ideal structure, yet their expense 
in most cases prevents their use in the construction 
of stables that are to prove financially a paying invest- 
ment. Modern methods of cement construction are 
proving quite satisfactory. The floors, walls, and 
even the roof, are sometimes constructed of this ma- 
terial and seem to meet, fairly well, the requirements 
of a'stable for the production of certified milk. Mod- 
