162 Milk and Its Products 
keep them profitably employed during the whole day. 
As milk is usually packed in ice for shipment, easy 
access to a shipping-station becomes an important 
factor. Since for every pound of milk shipped there 
will be at least three pounds of extra weight in ice, 
bottles and eases, the breakage of bottles also adds 
materially to the cost. Under present conditions, the 
cost of producing and delivering certified milk at the 
shipping-station may be estimated, from a conservative 
standpoint, to be at least twice that of good market milk. 
The various commissions that superintend the pro- 
duction and marketing of certified milk as yet have 
not agreed upon and adopted a uniform standard, 
consequently there is considerable variation as to the 
requirements, and some dissatisfaction among the pro- 
ducers of certified milk at what seem to them to be some- 
what arbitrary rulings. This feature has undoubtedly 
deterred some from entering this field of production 
_who otherwise might have done so had they been 
permitted to have complete control of their business. 
The high cost of certified milk is undoubtedly the 
chief factor in preventing its more general use, 
There are, however, many people in our cities who 
desire milk of this grade, but, as they are pretty 
well scattered over the residence districts, the cost of 
delivery, as well as the cost of production, compared 
to that of ordinary market milk, seems to many to be 
excessively high. At the present time, under the 
existing requirements, the demand for certified milk 
in the cities of the United States seems to be fairly 
well provided for. 
