546 FISHES. 



barbel. Jaws with a band of villiform teeth ; palate tooth- 

 less. 



One species {M. marmoratus) from Kerguelen's Land. 



Chiasmodus. — Body naked ; stomach and abdomen disten- 

 sible. Two dorsal fins and one anal ; a separate caudal ; ven- 

 tral fins rather narrow, with several rays. Upper and lower 

 jaws with two series of large pointed teeth, some of the anterior 

 being very large and movable ; teeth on the palatine bones, 

 but none on the vomer. Chin without barbel. 



This Gadoid (Oh. niger, Kg. Ill, p, 311), inhabits great 

 depths in the Atlantic (to 1500 fathoms). The specimen 

 figured was taken with a large Scopeloid in its stomach. 



Bkosmius. — Body moderately elongate, covered with very 

 small scales. A separate caudal, one dorsal, and one anal ; ven- 

 trals narrow, composed of five rays. Vomerine and palatine 

 teeth. A barbel. 



The "Torsk" {B. hrosme) is confined to the northern parts 

 of the temperate zone, and probably extends to the arctic 

 circle. 



Third Family — ^Ophidiid^. 



JBody more or less elongate, naked, or scaly. Vertical fins 

 generally united ; no separate anterior dorsal or anal ; dorsal 

 oeeupying the greater portion of the hacTc. Ventral fins rudi- 

 mentary or absent, jugular. Gill-openings wide, the gill-mem- 

 hranes not attached to the isthmus. 



Marine fishes (with the exception of Lucifuga), partly 

 littoral, partly bathybial. They may be divided into five 

 groups. 



I. Ventral fins present, attached to the Mmieral arch : 

 Beotulina. 



Bkotula. — Body elongate, covered with minute scales. Eye 

 of moderate size. Each ventral reduced to a single filament, 

 ■sometimes bifid at its extremity. Teeth vilUform ; snout with 

 barbels. One pyloric appendage. 



