596 FISHES. 



jaws with simple lips ; a small but very distinct barbel at the 

 angle of the mouth, quite at the extremity of the maxillary. 

 Gill-rakers very short ; pseudobranchiee. Pharyngeal teeth, 5. 3 

 or 2.-2 or 3. 5, hooked at the end. 



The " Gudgeons " are small fishes of clear fresh ■waters of 

 Europe ; they are, like the barbels, animal feeders. In Eastern 

 Asia they are represented by two closely allied genera, Ladis- 

 lavia and Pseudogobio. 



Cebatichthys. — Scales of moderate or small size ; lateral 

 line present. Dorsal fin short, without spine, not or but slightly 

 in advance of the ventrals. Mouth subinferior ; the lower jaw 

 does not project beyond the upper when the mouth is open ; in- 

 termaxillaries protractile from below the maxillaries ; both jaws 

 with thiokish lips ; a small barbel at the angle of the mouth, 

 quite at the extremity of the maxillary. Gill-rakers very short 

 and few in number : pseudobranchise. Pharyngeal teeth 4—4. 

 hooked at the end (sometimes 4, 1-1. 4). 



About ten species are known from North America ; they 

 are small, and called " Chub " in the United States. C. higut- 

 tatus is, perhaps, the most widely-diffused Freshwater-fish in 

 the United States, and common everywhere. Breeding males 

 have generally a red spot on each side of the head. 



Other similar genera from the fresh waters of North 

 America, and generally called "Minnows," are Fimcphalcs 

 (the " Black Head"), Hylorhynchus, Hylognathus, Campostoma 

 (the "Stone-lugger"), Ericyniba, Cochlognathus, Exoglossum (the 

 "Stone Toter" or "Cut-lips"), and Rhinichthys (the "Long- 

 nosed Dace"). 



The remaining Old World genera belonging to the group 

 Cyprinina are Cirrhina, Bangila, Osieochihcs, Barynotus, 

 Tylognathus, Ahrostomus, Crossochilus, Epalzem-Tiynchus, 

 Barhichthys, AmUyrhynchichthys, Alhulichthys, Aulopyge, 

 Buiigia, and Pseudorasbora. 



III. EoHTEiCHTHYiNA..— ^ma^/m very short, with not more 



