598 -FISHES. 



AiEBLYPHARYNGODON. — Scales small; lateral line incom- 

 plete. Dorsal fin without an osseous ray, with not more than 

 nine branched rays, commencing a little behind the origin of the 

 ventrals. Head of moderate size, strongly compressed ; eye with- 

 out adipose membrane ; snout with the integuments very thin ; 

 there is no upper lip, and the lower jaw has a short labial fold 

 on the sides only. Mouth anterior, somewhat directed upwards, 

 with the lower jaw prominent. Barbels none. Gill-rakers ex- 

 tremely short ; pseudobranchiae. Pharyngeal teeth molar-like, 

 with their crowns concave, 3. 2. l.-l. 2. 3. Intestinal tract 

 narrow, with numerous convolutions. 



Three species of small size from the Continent of India. 



To the same group belong Luciosoma, Nuria, and Aphyo- 

 cypris, from the same geographical region. 



VI. Semiplotina. — Anal fin short, with seven hranclied 

 rays, not extending forivards to below the dorsal. Dorsal fin 

 elongate, with an osseous ray. Lateral line running along the 

 middle of the tail. Mouth sometimes with harliels. 



Two genera : Gyprinion, from Syria and Persia, and Semi- 

 plotus from Assam. 



VII. Xenooypeidina. — Anal fin rather short, with seven 

 or more hranclied rays, not extending forwards to telow the 

 dorsal fin. Dorsal short, with an osseous ray. Lateral line 

 running along the middle of the tail. Mouth sometimes with 

 larhels. Pharyngeal teeth in a triple or double series. 



Three genera : Xerwcypris and Paracanthobrama from 

 China ; and Mystacoleucus from Sumatra. 



VIII. Leuciscina. — Anal fin short w of moderate length, 

 with from eight ta eleven branched rays, not extending fm'wards 

 to below the dorsal. Dorsal fin short, without osseous ray. 

 Lateral line, if eoniplete, running along, or nearly in, the middle 

 of the tail. Month generally witliout barbels. Pharyngeal teeth 

 in a single or double series. 



Leuciscus. — Body covered with imbricate scales. Dorsal 



