CARPS. 601 



line terminating in the median line of the depth of the tail. 

 Dorsal fin with not more than nine branched rays, inserted above 

 the root of the ventrals. Anal fin rather elongate, with ten or 

 more rays. Mouth inferior, transverse, lower jaw with a cutting 

 edge, covered with a brown horny layer. Barbels none. Gill- 

 rakers short, fine ; pseudobranchise. Pharyngeal teeth 5 or ' 6 

 or 7.-7 or 6 or 5, knife-shaped, Hot denticulated. Peritoneum 

 black. 



Seven species from the Continent of Europe and Western 

 Asia. 



Other Old World genera belonging to the Leuciscina are 

 Myloleucus, Gtenopharyrigodon, and Paraphoxinus ; from North 

 America : Mylopharodon, Meda, Orthodan, and Acrochilus. 



IX. Ehodeina. — Anal fin of m.oderate length, ivithfrom 

 nine to twelve branched rays, extending forwards to below the 

 dorsal. Dorsal fin short, or of moderate length. Lateral line, 

 if complete, running along or nearly in the middle of the tail. 

 Mouth with very small, or withoiit any barbels. Pharyngeal 

 teeth in a single series. 



Very small roach-like fishes inhabiting chiefly Eastern 

 Asia and Japan, one species {Bh. amarus) advancing into 

 Central Europe. The thirteen species known have been dis- 

 tributed among four genera, Achilognathus, Acanfhorhodeus, 

 Bhodeus, and Pseudoperilampus. In the females a long 

 external urogenital tube is developed annually during the 

 spawning season. The European species is known in Ger- 

 many by the name of " Bitterling." 



X. Danionina. — Anal fin of moderate length or elongate, 

 with not less, and generally more, than eight branched rays. 

 Lateral line running along the lower half of the tail. Mouth 

 with small, or vjithoiot any, barbels. Abdomen not trenchant. 

 Pharyngeal teeth in a triple or double series. 



Small fishes from the East Indian Continent, Ceylon, 

 the East Asiatic Islands, and a few from East African Elvers, 



