48 MOTACILLID^. 



Anthus spinoletta. Watbe-Pipit. 



Alauda spinoletta Linnceus, Syst. Nat. 1758, p. 166 : 



Italy. 

 Anthus spipoletta (Linn.} ; B. O. TI. List, 1st ed. 1883, p. 34 ; 



SJiarpe, Gat. Birds B. M. x. 1885, p. 592 ; Saunders, Manual, 



2n(i ed. 1899, p. 141. 



Spinoletta, from tlie common Italian name for any Pipit. Cf. Ital. pispigliare 

 = to whisper. From the root of pipio, pipilo = I chirp, Fr. piper, Dutch 

 pieper, out pipe, peep, pipit. Linnseus's spinoletta is probably a misprint; 

 cf. Newton's edition of Yarrell's British Birds, i. p. 581. 



Distribution in the British Islands. — A Rare Visitor. Has 

 occurred frequently in Sussex ; co. Dublin, June 1861 ; Isle 

 of Wight, Sept. r86,5 ; Lincolnshire, April 1895 ; Carnarvon, 

 April and Dec. 1897, Feb. 1898 ; Scilly Islands, May 1903 ; 

 Oxford, March 1903 ; Devonshire, Aug. 1904 ; Norfolk, Jan. 

 1905; Kent, Jan. 1905. 



General Distribution. — The Water-Pipit breeds in the 

 mountains of central and southern Europe eastwards to Asia 

 Minor. A partial migrant, it is plentiful in winter in 

 southern Europe, and is found on the coast of north-west 

 Africa ; also in the Netherlands, the plains of Germany and 

 Austria-Hungary. 



Anthus spinoletta rubescens. x\meeican 

 Watee-Pipit. 



Alauda rubescens Tunstall, Orn. Britannica, 1771, p. 2 : 

 Pennsylvania, U.S.A. 



Anthus ludovicianus {Gmel.) ; B. O. U. List, 1st ed. 1883, p. 34. 



Anthus pennsylvannicus {Lath.) ; Sharpe, Cat. Birds B. M. x. 



1885, p. 596 ; Clarke, Ann. Scottish N. H. 1911, p. 52. 



Bu!)escens= growing red. 



Distribution in the British Islands. — A Rare Visitor. St. 

 Kilda, Sept. 1910. Other records are doubtful. 



General Distribution. — The American Water-Pipit breeds in 

 north-eastern Siberia, the Aleutians, Arctic North America 



