LANIUS. 63 



counties of England. Also a Bird of Pasfsage chiefly ob- 

 served on the east coast of Great Britain and on the 

 Orkney and Shetland Islands. Three examples have been 

 recorded from Ireland in autumn. 



General Distribution. — The typical form of the Red-backed 

 Shrike breeds throughout Europe from 64° N. latitude, south 

 to the Cantabrian Mts., Pyrenees, Italy and Greece, and in 

 Asia Minor and north Syria. It winters in Arabia, tropical 

 and southern Africa. It is said to be replaced by allied 

 races in Corsica and Sardinia. 



Lanius senator. Woodchat. 



Lanius senditor Linnceus, Syst. Nat. 1758, p. 94: "India," 

 error e, Rhineland (Hartert). 



Lanius auriculatus P. L. S. Milller ; Oadow, Cat. Birds B. M. 



viii. 1883, p. 283. 

 Lanius pomeranus Sparrni. ; B. O. U. List, 1st ed. 1883, p. 38 ; 



Saunders, Manual, 2nd ed. 1899, p. 153. 



Senatm- = a senator, doubtless from the arbitrary look of the bird. 



Distribution in the British Islands. — Ears Visitor. Has 

 occurred in most of the English counties, especially those in 

 the south-east, but only three times in Scotland (Isle of 

 May, Fair Isle, Shetlands, and Orkneys) and once in Ireland 

 (Blackwater Light-vessel). 



■General Distribution. — The Woodchat breeds in southern 

 and central Europe as far north as Belgium, Holland, and 

 northern Germany, and eastwards to southern Russia, the 

 Caucasus, and Asia Minor, and in north-west Africa. It 

 winters in Senegambia and Nigeria. 



Lanius senator badius. Cobsican Woodchat. 



Lanius badius Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn. 1854, p. 100 : 

 Gold Coast. 



Lanius senator badius Hartlaub ; G. B. Ticehurst, Bull. B. O. G. 

 XXV. 1910, p. 76. 



Ba(Zius=ohestnut or brown, 



