HIKTRIONICUS. — CLANGULA. 181 



Newfoundland. In winter it visits the Kurile Is-lands and 

 Japan, also California and the United States south to about 

 37° N. In north-western Europe it is rare, but has been 

 obtained in Sweden and on the Swiss Lakes. 



Genus CLANGULA Leach in Ross' Voyage of Discovery, 

 App. 18 lit, p. xlviii. 



Type : C. liyemalis (Linn.). 

 Clangula, see p. 178. 



Clangula hyemalis. Long-tailed Duck. 



Anas liyemalis Linnceus, Syst. Nat. 1758, p. 126 : Sweden. 



Harelda glacialis (Linn.) ; B. O. JJ. List, 1st ed. 1883, p. 133 ; 

 Salvadori, Cat. Birds B. M. xxvii. 1895, p. 389 ; Saunders, 

 Manual, 2nd ed. 1899, p. 455. 



Jirj/em«lis= belonging to winter. 



Disfnhution in the British Islands. — Chiefly a Winter Visitor, 

 but small numbers are said to be resident in the Shetland 

 and Orkney IsLmds and are reported to have nested there 

 on several occasions. It is a regular and common visitor in 

 winter to the east coast of Great Britain and to the west coast 

 of Scotland, including the Outer and Inner Hebrides, but is 

 less frequent on the west and south coasts of England. To 

 Ireland it is a somewhat irregular visitor, and is met with 

 chiefly on the north and west coasts. 



General Distribution. — The Long-tailed Duck breeds 

 througho.ut the northern Hemisphere, chiefly north of the 

 Arctic Circle ; it nests in the Faeroe Islands, Iceland, Jan 

 Maven, Spitsbergen, and Novaya Zemlya ; from northern 

 Scandinavia south to 60° N. latitude, in north Russia and 

 Siberia ; also. in Arctic America and Greenland south to the 

 Mackenzie Eiver and Ungava. In winter it visits southern 

 Europe, south to about 40° N. latitude, the Black and 

 Caspian seas, Lake Baikal, north China, and Japan ; while 

 in North America it ranges to the northern United States and 

 the Great Lakes, and rarely, to California, Texas, and Florida. 



