LARUS. 253 



General iJisttihution. — The Herring-Gull breeds in northern 

 Europe from the White sea westwards to the Atlantic, and 

 southwards throughout the Baltic to northern France ; also- 

 in Iceland, Greenland, and across Arctic North America 

 westwards to central Alaska, and southwards on inland 

 waters to about 45° N. latitude. In winter it visits the 

 Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian seas, and in the western 

 Atlantic ranges south to the Bermudas, Cuba, Mexico, and> 

 Yucatan ; also on the Pacific coast o£ America to Lower 

 California and western Mexico. It is represented to the 

 south by the next species, L. cachinnans ; also in north-east 

 Siberia from the Taimyr Peninsula eastwards by another 

 close ally, which winters chiefly on the eastern coast of Asia 

 and in the western Pacific. 



Larus cachinnans. Yellow-legged 

 Hereing-Gull. 



Larus cadiinnans Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. ii. 1827 

 p. 318 : S.E. Russia. 



Larus cachinnans Pall. ; Saunders, Cat. Birds B. M. xxv. 1896,. 

 p. 266 ; id. Manual, 2nd ed. 1899, p. 673. 



Cachiima lis = laughing immoderately. 



Distribution in the British Islands. — A Rare Visitor. One 

 was obtained at Breydon, Norfolk, Nov. 1886 ; another is 

 said to have been seen at Dover, April lyOl. 



General Distrihution. — The Yellow-legged Herring-Gull 

 breeds on the Azores, the Canary Islands, and the Madeira 

 group ; also in south-western Europe from the Gulf of Gas- 

 cony southwards, and throughout the Mediterranean, Black, 

 and Caspian seas, ranging across western Asia eastwards to 

 Lake Baikal. In winter it follows the west coast of Africa 

 to Senegambia and apparently to Angola, and visits the Red 

 sea and southern Persia, ranging eastwards across northern 

 India to the head of the Bay of Bengal. 



