302 PALLIDA , 



depart in autumn, but some remain througbout tbe winter. 

 It breeds or has bred in recent years in various localities in 

 England and Wales, from the Solway Firth district and 

 Durham southwards to East Anglia ; also in some of the 

 southern counties and in Breconshire, and probably else- 

 ■ivhere. Though less plentiful than formerly, when it also 

 nested in the south of Scotland, it no doubt appears to be 

 rarer than it really is owing to its retiring habits. It is said 

 to have nested in Elginshire once. As a Bird of Passage in 

 autumn it is tolerably frequent, especially on the east coast, 

 but is rare in the north of Scotland and the Islands. In 

 Ireland it is chiefly a scarce autumn visitor, but has bred 

 there. 



General Distrihution. — The Spotted Crake breeds in Europe 

 generall}', from Scandinavia in 65° N. latitude, Russia and 

 the Urals in 58° N. southwards to the Mediterranean ; also 

 apparently in north Africa from Morocco to Tunica, where it 

 appears to be resident. In Asia, it nests from west Siberia in 

 55° N. to I he Altai Mountains, and Turkestan east to Yarkand 

 and north Kashmir ; south to Persia and Asia Minor, where 

 it appears to be resident. It winters in India and Africa. 

 It is accidental in the Canary Islands and in Greenland. 



Porzana Carolina. Carolina Crake or Sora. 



Rallus carolinus Linnceus, Syst. Nat. 1758, p. 153 : 

 Hudson Bay. 



Porzana Carolina (Linn.) ; B. O. U. List, 1st ed. 1883, p. 147 ; 

 Sharpe, Oat. Birds B. If. xxiii. 1894, p. 97 ; /Saunders, 

 Manual, 2nd ed. 1899, p. 510. 



Carolina, because the bird was partially described from specimens 

 obtained in Carolina. 



Distribution in the British Islands. — A Eare Visitor. It 

 has occurred four times : — an adult in Berkshire, Oct. 1864 ; 

 Glamorgan, 1888 ; immature male. Isle of Tiree, Inner 

 Hebrides, Oct. 1901 ; immature male, Island of Lewis, 

 Outer Hebrides, Nov. 1913. 



