308 COLUMBID^. 



Pdlvmbut = a Wood-Pigeon, in classical Latin ; akin to ire\e:a — a pigeon, 

 and jreXos = ^■vXlv-s, dark. 



Distribution in the British Islands.— A Eesident, generally 

 distributed, except in the Outer Hebrides and Orkney Islands 

 where it is scarce, and in the Shethind Islands where it is 

 only a passage-migrant. It is plentiful as a winter visitor, 

 vast flocks o£ continental birds arriving on our eastern .'chores 

 in autumn and returning in spring, their movements being 

 irregular and guided by the food-supply. 



General Distribution.— The Ring-Dove inhabits Europe 

 generally to about 66° N. latitude, ranging to north- 

 east Persia and north-«west Africa. In the Azores it is 

 represented by a .ilightly different race, and birds from 

 Madeira have also been regarded as separable. In central 

 Asia a more distinct form, C. p. casiotis, is found. 



Columba livia. Eock-Dove. 



Columba livia Gmelin, Sj^st. Nat. i. pt. 2, 1789, p. 769; 

 S. Europe [Hartert]. 



Columba livia Bonn.; B. 0. TI. List, 1st ed. 1883, p. 139; 

 Salvadori, Gat. Birds B. M. xxi. 1893, p. 253; Saunders, 

 Manual, 2nd ed. 1899, p. 483. 



Livia, from its leaden colour, livor. Gaza translates Aristotle's TreXeias 

 by livia, because ireXos = dark-coloured ; cf. French Biset, from Fr. iise = 



livor. 



Distribution in the British Islands. — A Resident, breeding 

 in the cliffs and in caves of the sea-coasts, and occasionally 

 in inland situations. In England its nesting-places are less 

 numerous than in Scotland and Ireland, and appear to be 

 confined to Yorkshire, Devonshire, Cornwall, and Cumber- 

 land, but round the coast of Wales it is widely distributed. 



General Distribution. — The Rock-Dove inhabits the 

 western Palsearctic region, including ihe Faeroes, the 

 Azores, the Canary Islands, Madeira, and the countries 

 and islands of the Mediterranean ; also Asia Minor, and 

 the countries as far east as north-west India. It is often 



