APPENDIX. 369 



the name o£ Fratincola torquata hibernans, but the Coin- 

 mittee are unable to recognise the distinctness o£ the 

 English from the continental race. In addition, Hartert 

 considers the European and English races subspecies 

 o£ an allied South African bird, Pratincola torqiiata 

 (Linn.), as this latter is described some four pages 

 previously to Motacilla ruhicola in the Syst. Nat. 



Genus (ENANTHE. As Bechstein's name Saxicola must be 

 used for the Stonechats (see above under Saxicola), the 

 earliest generic name available for the Wheatears is 

 CEnanthe Vieillot (Analyse, 1816, p. 43), the type by 

 tautonymy being CEnaidhe (inantlie (Linn.). 



(Enanthe occidentalis and (E. stapazina. Some writers, in- 

 cluding Hartert, believe that the Black-throated and the 

 Black-eared Wheatears (^Saxicola stapazina and S. aurita 

 of former authors) arc dimorphisms of the same species. 

 At the same time, both Hartert and other recent authors 

 believe that two geographical races, an eastern and a 

 western, can be distinguished. The (Committee, after 

 careful consideration, have come to the decision that 

 the Black-throated and Black-eared birds are distinct 

 and separate species. 



For the western race Hartert uses the name Mota- 

 cilla liispanica of Linnpeus' 10th edition. This name is 

 based wholly on Edwards (Nat. Hist. B. p. 31, pi. 31), 

 where the two forms, the Black-eared and Black-throated, 

 are figured as male and female of the same species. If, 

 therefore, we regard these two as distinct, we cannot 

 use Linufeus' name ^^ Motacilla liispanica" for either. 

 Linnseus, in his 12th edition, gives Motacilla stapazina, 

 and this, both from the description and from the first 

 reference, undoubtedly refers to the Black-eared bird 

 from Spain. 



The oldest undoubted name for the western form of 

 the Black-throated AVheatear appears to be Sfixicola 

 occidentalis Salvadori (1886). 



2b. 



