4 BRITISH POMOLOGY, ETC. 



mentioned " the church of Herdesley, with twelve acres of 

 land, and an orchard"" , But its cultivation was not confined 

 to the southern counties, for we find there was an extensive 

 manufacture of cider as far north as Richmond, in York- 

 shire, in the early part of the thirteenth century. It would 

 be too much to say that all the varieties cultivated at an 

 early period, were indigenous to this country; many no 

 doubt, were introduced at the Norman conquest, and it is 

 probable that in the middle ages some varieties were intro- 

 duced from the continent, by members of the difierent 

 rehgious houses which then existed, who not unfrequently 

 had personal intercourse with France, and who devoted 

 considerable attention to horticulture ; but there is every 

 reason to beUeve that the earUest varieties were native • 

 productions. The oldest works which treat on the cul- 

 tivation of fruits, afford little or no information as to 

 these early varieties. In some ancient documents of the 

 twelfth century, we find the Pearmain'' and Costard men- 

 tioned, but the horticultural works of the period are too 

 much occupied with the fallacies and nonsense which 

 distinguish those of the Roman agricultural writers, to 

 convey to us any knowledge of the early pomology of this 

 country. Turner in his Herbal, has no record of any of the 

 varieties, and simply states, in reference to the apple, " I 

 nede not to descrybe thys tre, because it is knowen well 

 inoughe in aU countres." Barnaby Googe mentions as, 

 " Chiefe in price, the Pippin, the Romet, the Pomeroyall, 

 the Marigold, with a great number of others that were too 

 long to speake of." Leonardo Mascal gives instruction how 

 " to grafie the Quyne Apple ; " but that is the only variety 

 he mentions. In a note book in the possession of Sir John 

 Trevelyan, of Nettlecombe, near Taunton, which was kept 

 by one of his" ancestors, from the year 1580 to 1584, is an 

 entry of " The names of ApeUes, which I had their graffes ' 

 from Brentmarch, from one Mr. Pace — Item, the AppeU out' ; 

 of Essex ; Lethercott, or Russet ApeU ; Loimden Peppen ; 

 Kew Gonehng, or the Croke ; Glass AppeU or Pearmeane ; 

 Red Stear ; Nemes AppeU, or Grenhnge ; BeUabone ; Ap- 

 peU out of Dorsettsher; Domine quo Vadis." In " The' 

 Husbandman's FruitfuU Orchard," we have Pippins, Peare- 



° Rudder's History of Gloucestershire, App. xxvii., No. xix. b Blomefield'a' 

 History of Norfolk, toI. xi., p. 242. 



