THE APPLE. ITS VARIETIES. 01 



A valuable dessert apple of first-rate quality, in use from October to 

 Christmas. 



The tree is a free grower and an excellent bearer. 



81. CORNISH GILLIFLOWER.— Hort. 



Identification. — Hort. Soc. Cat. ed. 3, n. 267. Lind. Guide, 67. Down. Fr. 

 Amer. 102. 



Synonymes. — July-flower, Hort Trans, vol. ii., p. 74. Cornish July-flower, Ibid. 



vol. iii., p. 323. Calville d'Angleterre, Baum. Cat. Pomme Kegelans, ace. Hort. 



Soc. Cat. 

 FiGDKES.— Pom. Mag. t. 140. Eon. Pjrr. Mai. pi. xix, f. 4. 



Fruit, large, three inches and a quarter wide, and the same in 

 height ; ovate, angular on the sides, and ribbed round the eye, some- 

 what like a Quoining. Skin, dull green on the shaded side, and brown- 

 ish red streaked with brighter red on the side next the sun ; some parts 

 of the surface marked with thin russet. Eye, large and closed, set in a 

 narrow and angular basin. Stalk, three quarters of an inch long, in- 

 serted in a rather shallow cavity. Flesh, yellowish, firm, rich, and 

 aromatic. 



This is one of our best dessert apples, remarkable for its rich and aro- 

 matic flavor ; it is in use from December to May. 



The tree is hardy, and a free grower, attaining the middle size, but 

 not an abundant bearer ; it produces its fruit at the extremities of the 

 last year's wood, and great care should, therefore, be taken to preserve 

 the bearing shoots. It succeeds well, grafted on the paradise stock, and 

 grown as an espalier or an open dwarf. 



This valuable apple was brought into notice by Sir Christopher Haw- 

 kins, who sent it to the London Horticultural Society, in 1813. It was 

 discovered about the beginning of the present century, growing in a cot- 

 tager's garden, near Truro, in Cornwall. 



The name July-flower is very often applied to this and some other 

 varieties of apples, and also to flowers, but it is only a corruption of the 

 more correct name Gilliflower, which is derived from the French Girofle, 

 signifying a clove, and hence the flower which has the scent of that 

 spice, is called Giraflier, which has been transformed to Gillijlower. 

 In Chaucer's " Romaunt of the Rose," he writes it Gylofre. 



" There was eke wexyng many a spice, 

 As Clowe Gylofre and liquorice." 



Turner writes it Gelower and Gelyfloure. The proper name, therefore, 

 is Gilliflower, and not July-flower, as if it had some reference to the 

 month of July. 



82. COSTARD.— Ray. 



Identification.— Rail Hist. ii. 1447. Laws. New. Orch. 32. Worh Vin. 167. 

 Synonymes. — Coulthard, in Lancashire. Prussian Pippin, Ibid. 



Fruit, above medium size, two inches and three quarters, or three 

 inches wide, and three inches and a quarter high ; oblong, but narrow- 

 ing a little towards the eye, distinctly five-sided, having five prominent 



