INHERITANCE— IMPRO VEMENT B Y BREEDING 1 5 1 



107. Increasing Yield by Increasing the Number of Ron's at CHAP. 

 the Butt and Tip. — Loss of grain also occurs through breeding 



ears with even, instead of rounded, butts (Fig. 66) and with 

 badly covered tips. It has been completely demonstrated that 

 these defects can be removed by breeding. 



108. Effect of Width of Sulci on Yield. — Loss in weight of 

 grain is often due also to wide sulci, as, for example, in 

 the ear shown in Fig. 65, although this is not a bad case, and 

 far worse specimens are often met with. The sulci should be 

 as narrow as possible. The ears shown in Fig. 67 are not 



Fig. 66. — Increasing yield by increasing the number of rows around the butt. 

 A (rounded butt) has a row of grains more than B (even butt). 



quite perfect in this respect, but nearly so. Narrow sulci may 

 be produced in two ways: (1) by the development of wedge- 

 shaped grains so that the empty space, such as is produced by 

 straight-sided grains, is filled with grain. This is the right 

 type to breed. (2) By the development of shallow grains 

 which are not long enough to form wide sulci. This is the 

 wrong type to breed, because more weight is lost by the 

 shallowness of the grain than is gained by the closing up 

 of the sulci. 



[ 09. Effect of Shape of Grain on Yield. — The shape of the 

 grain has a marked effect on yield ; the grain which combines 



