642 



MAIZE 



CHAP, from bran chips. But while the percentage of bran given off 

 XI1L is larger, the meal produced is more granular and, it is said, 

 has not as high a nutritive value as that obtained by the stone 

 mill process ; moreover, the wear and tear of the corrugations 

 on the rollers is very heavy and they require constant refluting, 

 otherwise the power must be considerably increased. 



594. Loss in Milling. — The normal loss in milling should 

 not exceed \\ to 2 per cent if the maize is good, sound, and 

 dry ; this loss is due to cleaning and evaporation during the 

 milling process. From 3 to 1 2\ per cent of bran is extracted 

 when making "sifted mielie-meal," according to the system 

 employed (i.e. the emery-stone or the roller process), the 

 degree of fineness in dressing, and the kind of maize which is 

 milled. In South Africa, a bag of mielie meal usually weighs 

 183 lbs. gross. 



TITUS IMPROVED DEGERMINATOR 



&^^iz*&fy*%m&w. 



Fig. 221. — Improved degerminator. 



595. Samp. — Another mill product largely used is known 

 as samp, the manufacture of which has increased rapidly in 

 South Africa during the last few years. Owing to the excep- 

 tional suitability of the South African types of maize (such as 

 Iowa Silver-mine, Ladysmith, and Hickory King) for the manu- 

 facture of samp, and the adoption of the American system of 

 manufacture and types of machinery, South African millers 

 have practically ousted the American product from the local 

 market. 



For samp making, the grain is cleaned by the same process 

 employed before milling, as described above (If 590). But a 

 different manufacturing plant is required. This consists of a 

 degerminator (Fig. 221) which removes the bran-skin and 

 "germ" (i.e. the embyro), and breaks the grain into coarse 

 particles. After passing through a steam dryer, the broken 



