BUKEAU 01' FOBESTKY. 501 



for forest prodiice in the Quartermaster's Department demanded the 

 preparation of a more detailed plan for protection and management 

 than is generally necessary under forest conditions in the United States. 



Field work in the collection of data for the working plan occupied 

 two months. It was done by 16 students of the senior class of the 

 Yale Forest School, under the direction of a field assistant of the 

 Bureau of Forestry. A topographical map showing 20-foot contours 

 was made as a basis for the forest map and for the assistance of the 

 forester who will carry out the working plan. The field work showed 

 that wood roads and trails enough already exist to serve as a basis for 

 a thorough system of fire protection. Fire lines to supplement them 

 were indicated on the forest map, and regular beats were established 

 for the daily patrol of the tract. With the system of fire lines and the 

 constant patrol which the working plan recommends, it is believed 

 that fires entering from the outside or starting within the reservation 

 will be easily controllable. 



For the restoration of the stand to vigorous condition the working 

 plan recommends careful improvement and reproduction cuttings. 

 In situations where there are now fair stands of healthy trees the form 

 of cutting recommended aims at the removal of the dead and dying 

 and the inferior trees which retard promising growth. In poorer sit- 

 uations the purpose of the cutting will be to secure a new stand by 

 making openings for seedling and sprout reproduction. Where it is 

 improbable that the new growth will establish itself, seeding and plant- 

 ing of desirable species is recommended. Trees were marked for 

 removal on sample acres to guide in future work. The forest was 

 divided for administrative purposes into three ranges, and each range 

 into compartments varying from 40 to 200 acres, according to the 

 character of the stand and the natural boundaries. Each compartment 

 was carefully cruised, described, and subdivided into forest types. In 

 each type representative sample plots of from one-fourth of an acre 

 to 1 acre were carefully selected. On each sample plot every tree was 

 calipered and recorded by kind and diameter. Average sample trees — 

 that is, representative trees whose diameters correspond as nearly as 

 possible to the average diameter of all trees of the same kind upon the 

 sample plot — were felled, and their volume and rate of growth were 

 measured . The results for each sample plot were computed and tabu- 

 lated. The total volume and the merchantable volume were obtained 

 by multiplying the total and merchantable volumes of the sample trees 

 by the ntimber of trees which they represented. In this way units were 

 obtained from which were calculated the stand and rate of growth of 

 the more important species in all types and for the whole forest. Tables 

 and curves showing the growth of the different species in diameter, 

 height, and volume, tabulated summaries of sample plots, tables of 

 stand of the various forest tj'pes, and estimates of the probable cost 

 of the improvements recommended and of the probable income from 

 the cuttings advised are included in the working plan. 



Indian Reservations. 



In compliance with the request of the Secretary of the Interior to 

 the Secretary of Agriculture, field study of the Lac Courte Oreille, 

 the Menominee, and the La Pointe Indian reservations, all in Wis- 

 consin, was undertaken during the past year. 



It was asked that an examination of each reservation and a report 

 containing a description of the forest and recommendations for lum- 



