FOREST SEEVICE. 23 



holdbigs of the company for which it was prepared. Virgin timber 

 on the tract was marked for removal. A diameter limit of 30 inches 

 left enough trees standing to insure a second cut. 



STATE COOPERATIVE STTJDIES. 



Cooperation was carried on during the year with California, New 

 Hampshire, and North Carolina. 



The work in California included a commercial-tree study of white 

 fir. a market study of the chief commercial trees, and an estimate of 

 the North Calaveras grove of big trees. The latter was a careful 

 estimate of the standing timber, both of sequoia and other species, on 

 640 acres including and surrounding the North grove. 



A white-fir study in California was begun as part of a larger study 

 undertaken by the Forest Service, in cooperation with the State, to 

 ascertain the present uses and possible new uses of this tree. Tho 

 not at present of great commercial value, the white fir is so abundant 

 that to find better uses for it will greatly simplify the management of 

 the Sierra forests. The work included a careful study of the silvics 

 of the tree, its growth in height, diameter, and volume, its present 

 uses, and methods for managing it on areas where it is the sole or 

 the prevailing species. Its mechanical and physical properties will 

 next be studied, and the possible use of the timber for pulpwood 

 and other purposes will be determined. 



A market study in California covered the most important commer- 

 cial trees of the Sierras. The cost of logging, milling, and trans- 

 portation in typical forest regions thruout the State was determined, 

 the value of forest land and the cost of protection and taxes were 

 studied, and the average cost of manufacture and the prices obtained 

 for manufacturing lumber at important distributing points were 

 ascertained. The results of the investigation are being prepared for 

 publication in cooperation with the State. 



In cooperation with NeAV Hampshire a study of the forest con- 

 ditions of the southern part of the State was begun. Maps were pre- 

 pared showing the distribution and the composition of the forests, 

 the percentage of forest and cleared area, and the distribution of the 

 chief species. The study will include : 



^1) A study of the silvical characteristics of all the forest trees. 



(2) Volume tables, in cords and in board feet, for trees of all diam- 

 eters and heights for all the commercially important species. 



(3) Yield tables for second-growth white pine, showing the best- 

 paj'ing period for cutting. 



(4) Methods of management best adapted to different conditions, 

 based on a study of present methods of lumbering. 



(5) Suggestions for a State policy for fire, taxes, and the encour- 

 agement of practical forestry. 



(6) A mill-scale study, showing the actual amount and grades of 

 lumber sawed from chestnut and white pine of different diameters. 



The swamp lands belonging to the State of North Carolina were 

 carefully examined at the request of the State, to determine the 

 advisability of selling the timber under restrictions and holding the 

 land. The examinations showed that it would be much better to sell 

 the timber alone, and that by cutting to a diameter limit future crops 

 of timber would be produced within reasonable time. 



