128 FAMILIES OF FLOWERING PLANTS 
neighborhood also belongs Cliffordia, a genus of South African shrubs 
comprising about 40- species. 
The rose (Rosa) is naturally the: ‘type and most important genus of 
the Rosaceae. There are very diverse views among botanists as to the 
number, of wild species that. should - properly be ‘recognized; over 600 
have been described, but this, number :can probably. be reduced to 200 
or 300. The rose flower has an urn-shaped calyx, five petals, and very 
numerous stamens and carpels; the latter, when IDS, form 1-seeded 
From Coulter’s Plant Structures. Copyright, 1900, D. Apeletesk & Co. 
1, The common pear (Pyrus communis) showing flowering branch (1), section of flower (2), 
section of fruit (3), and diagram of flower (4). After Wossidlo. 
achenes enclosed in the fleshy fraiting calyx, known as the. hip or hep. 
In cultivation the number of the stamens becomes greatly reduced, and 
the. petals, correspondingly increased. No flower responds more read- 
ily to the methods of the horticulturalist than does the rose, and hun- 
dreds of distinct garden varieties, belonging to many distinct types, are 
known. .The two important economic uses of the rose are in the manu- 
facture of rose water and. attar of roses. 
Next i in the systematic arrangement of the family we find ihe. sub- 
family . ‘Neuradoideae, containing two North African desert shrubs 
(Neurada and Grielum). : dea ao, a oi 
-Family Pomaceae. Apple Family. As sare explained, this and 
the succeeding were formerly regarded as sections of the rose family 
