FAMILIES OF FLOWERING PLANTS. 249 
panded into a flat strap-shaped or 
ligulate portion known as a ray; the 
rays make up the conspicuous por- 
tion of the flower, and are what seem 
to be petals. Anthers united into 
a tube around the style, the anther 
sacs appendaged at the base and 
summit. Style slender and 2-cleft: 
Ovary l1-celled, with a single ovule, 
becoming a small seed-like fruit 
known as an achene. Fig. 219, re- 
presenting the flower of the dande- 
lion, will serve to make this more 
clear. 
There are many different types of 
plants among the Cichoriaceae. Some 
few afford garden vegetables, as the 
salsify (Tragopogon) and the lettuce 
(Lactuca), while the chicory (Cicho- 
rium) is widely known as an adulter- 
_ant for coffee. The leaves of the 
FIG. 218, The great blue lobelia (Lobelia syphil- common dandelion are highly es- 
ae eo Britton and Brown, Ill. FJ. North- teemed as boiled “ greens.” Many 
‘ . The common dandelion: 1, two flower stalks ; in one the head is closed, 
Pe Sey a involucre, the inner erect, the outer reflexed; in the other the head 
open, showing that all the flowers are strap-shaped; 2, a single flower showing inferior 
ovary, pappus, corolla, stamen tube, and two-parted style ; 3, a mature achene ; 4, a head 
from which all but one of the achenes have been removed, showing the pitted recep- 
tacle and the prominent pappus beak.—After Strasburger. From Coulter’s Plant Struc- 
ture, by courtesy of D. Appleton & Co. 
