38 BIRDS. 



ff. Tibiae naked below. . . . Hkeodiones, N. 

 ee. Hind toe inserted above the level of the rest, and usually 

 shorter than any of the others. 

 It. Tibise feathered below. 



i. Nostrils perforate ; head more or less naked. 



Raptobes, J. 

 ii. Nostrils imperforate. 



j. Bill flssirostral — gape wide, reaching to below eye. 



PlCAKL«i, H. 



jj. BUI stout, not flssirostral ; nostrils scaled or feathered. 



Galling, L. 

 M. Tibise naked below. 



k. Nostrils perforate. . . . Aiectokides, O. 

 Kk. Nostrils imperforate. 



Z. Head bald; tarsus reticulate. . Hbkodiones, N. 



U. Head feathered ; tarsus usually scutellate. 



ISMSCGLM, M. 



IV. Toes lobate, webbed at base or not, but conspicuously 



bordered on sides by plain or scalloped membranes. 



m. Tail rudimentary; legs set far back. . Ptgopodes, S. 



mm. Tail perfect; a homy frontal shield. AxiECTORIDbs, O. 



mmm. Tail perfect; forehead feathered, without homy shield. 



lanaaoijM, M. 



v. Toes palmate; three front toes full-webbed. 



n. Bill curved upwards ; legs elongated. . LiMicoiiffli, M. 



nn. Bill lamellate, mostly flattish and furnished at tip with a 



decurved nail. . . . Lamemjiiostbes, P. 



nnn. Bill not recurved nor lamellate. 



o. Hind toe not lobate ; wings long and pointed; tail well 



developed Lonsipennbs, R. 



00. Hind toe lobate; wings and tail short. PvaopODES, S. 

 VI. Toes totipalmate; all four full-webbed. Stbganopoijes, Q. 



G. FAMILIES OF PASSBRES. 



I. Oscines. Each side of tarsus covered with a plate, xmdivided 

 in most of its length and meeting its fellow in a sharp ridge 



