TYEANNlDJE. — XXXVI. 95 



blue, barred; outer tail feathers and secondaries tipped 

 with white; L. 13; W. 5^; T. 5f. N.E. Am., abundant. 



4. PERISOREUS, Bonaparte. Gray Jays. 



1. P. canadensis, (L.) Bon. Canada Jay. Whiskey 

 Jack. Ashy gray with blackish and whitish markings; 

 L. lOf ; W. 5f ; T. 6. Northern, S. to New England in 

 Winter. 



FAMILY XXXVI.— TYRANNID^. 



{The Flycatchers) 



Primaries 10; first more than f length of second, and 

 one or more of them often attenuate ; bill broad, triangu- 

 lar, depressed, abruptly hooked and notched at tip, with 

 long rictal bristles; commissure nearly straight; nostrils 

 small, usually partly concealed. Tarsus " clamatorial," 

 the soutella extending around its back. Feet small, for 

 perching. Mouth capacious; notes simple, often pleas- 

 ant; changes of plumage slight; ours mostly olivaceous. 



A large family of eighty genera, and more than three 

 hundred species; all American and mostly tropical. All 

 are insectivorous, most of them pre-eminently so; they 

 are, therefore, in our latitude, migratory. 



* First primaries evidently attenuate ; crown with concealed bright 

 red or yellow crest (in adult). 

 t Tail widely forked, about twice as long as wings. 



MlLVTJLUS, 1. 



ff Tail nearly even, shorter than wings. . TrRAinstrs, 2. 



** First primaries not obviously attenuate; crown plain, some- 

 times crested. 

 X Wings edged with chestnut, not much longer than tail ; length 



8 or more Mtiaechos, 3. 



Xt Wings not chestnut-edged, not much longer than tail ; tarsus 

 longer than middle toe and claw; bill black; length 6i 

 to 7J Satobnis, 4. 



