234 PISHES. 



it; palatine teeth well developed; gill-rakers long and 

 strong, provided with coarse teeth; form stout and heavy. 



b. Operculum emarginate behind ; anal spines 5 to 7. 

 c. Caudal fin emarginate ; scales ctenoid. 

 d. Tongue with a single median patch of teeth ; anal 

 spines normally 6; dorsal 10 or 11. Ambix)plites, 3. 

 ec. Caudal fin rounded behind ; scales cycloid ; anal spines 



normally 5 Acanthakchus, 3. 



66. Operculum ending behind in a convex " flap," black in 

 color; anal spines 3; dorsal 10; caudal emai-ginate. 



CBLffllNOBKYTTOS, 4. 



aa. Tongue and pterygoid bones toothless ; mouth moderate or 

 small. 

 d. Operculum ending behind in an entire convex process or 

 flap, which is always more or less black ; dorsal fin 

 not notched; dorsal spines normally 10; anal spines, 

 3, the soft rays in each fin about 10 in number ; caudal 

 fln emarginate. 

 e. Maxillary with a supplemental bone ; gill-rakers long, 

 stout, dentate ; mouth rather large, the lower jaw 

 protruding; palatine teeth present ; spines low; flap 



small Apomotis, 5. 



ee. Maxillary without supplemental bone ; mouth rather 

 small, with subequaljaws. 

 /. Lower pharyngeal bones comparatively narrow, with 

 the teeth all conic and sharp, the outer short and 

 small, the iimer long and pointed. 

 g. Gill-rakers of anterior branchial arch more or less 

 elongate, ossified, beset with small teeth. 



Lepomis, 6. 



gg. Gill-rakers undifferentiated, all sh6rt, thickish, 



weak, unoasifled, provided with but few weak 



teeth ; no palatine teeth ; opercular flap always 



large, often greatly developed ; coloration bril. 



liant; spines low. . . . XeNotis, 7. 



jf. Lower pharyngeal bones with the teeth or most of 



them rounded or truncate above, i.e., teeth paved; 



