30 



DRAINAGE. 



Drainage removes the liquid refuse from the stable by suitable gutters, 

 and drains. It cannot do this unless the floor is water-tight, and concrets 

 flooring is therefore recommended. Urine leaking through cracks in the flooi- 

 until the soil beneath is ?aturated is a frequent source of foul odours and 

 unhealthy stables. 



CLEANLINESS. 



Since the manure of tuberculous cattle often contains living tubercle germs 

 in vast numbers, the importance of keeping it well cleaned out of the stable is 

 readily seen. Such manure is not only dangerous to other cattle in the stable, 

 but may be the means of conveying the disease to children. Often cows are- 

 seen with their flanks encnisted with dry dung. Parts often break off Avhile 

 the cow is milked and some of it is likely to fall into the milk pail. The larger 

 lumps are strained out, but the smaller particles remain, and also the tubercle- 

 germs which are small enough to pass through any strainer. These stay in 

 the milk and make it a fruitful cause of the disease in the young. 



Stables should be cleaned out often and the manure put where it cannot 

 be picked over by hogs or cattle. These animals are easily infected in that way. 

 Cleanliness also includes keeping the walls and ceilings free from dirt, dust 

 and cobwebs. These are all good resting places for disease germs. 



Whitewashing the interior of the stable at least twice a year is a great aid 

 to cleanliness, rnd also has a distinct effect in destroying disease germs. In 

 many municipalities, dairy stables are required to be whitewashed at regular 

 intervals, and it is a practice that should be universal. 



