64 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 
the home of golden-rods, rosinweeds, sunflowers, and Rudbeckias, 
besides numerous species of other genera of the same tribes as Heli- 
opsis, Verbesina, and Coreopsis. The following species, common on 
the plains of the western Alleghenian area, inhabit the open through- 
out the Carolinian area from the lower Alleghenies to the Mississippi: 
Helianthus divaricatus. 
Helianthus atropurpureus. 
Helianthus tomentosus. 
Solidago neglecta. 
Solidago nemoralis. 
Solidago erect. 
Solidago bicolor. Rudbeckia triloba. 
Silphium terebinthinaceum. Rudbeckia heliopsidis. 
Silphium asperrimum. Rudbeckia spathulata. 
Verbesina aristata. 
Heliopsis helianthoides (H. laevis). 
Heliopsis minor. 
Coreopsis verticillata. 
Aster vimineus foliosus. 
Aster lateriflorus. 
Hieracium venosum. 
Hieracium paniculatum. 
Hieracium marianum. 
Hieracium scribneri. 
Silphium intermedium. 
Silphium dentatum. 
Silphium trifoliatum. 
Silphium laevigatum. 
Helianthus microcephalus. 
Helianthus hirsutus. 
Helianthus hirsutus trachyphyllus. 
Helianthus tracheliifolius. 
Helianthus strumosus. 
Helianthus schweinitzi. 
Mesuplile plant associations.—The highest summits are frequently 
watered by numerous springs, giving rise to grassy swales and lively 
brooklets. In the almost perpetually damp soil of the first prevail: 
Osmunda. cinnamomea. 
Seleria caroliniana. 
Habenaria ciliaris. 
Angelica villosa. 
Solidago arguta. 
Solidago odora inodora. 
The damp banks of the brooks are shaded with a varied vegetation 
of shrubs and small trees of which the following are examples: 
Kalmia latifolia. 
Ter opaca.! 
Amelanchier canadensis.+ 
Aronia arbutifolia.! 
Xolisma ligustrina. 
Hydrangea arborescens cordata. 
A dwarfed form of the sweet birch (Betula lenta) was found on the 
cliffs near the brink where a brooklet on Chehawhaw Mountain leaps 
over the precipitous escarpment. This tree, a species of noble dimen- 
sions in its home in the Alleghenian life area, finds here, reduced to 
a small shrub, its southern limit. Azalea viscosa glauca, with Zan- 
thoriza apiifoliu,’ frequent throughout the mountains and Coast 
plain, prefer the moistened rocks near the brink. In the open val- 
leys from 1,000 to 2,000 feet above sea level—as, for example, in the 
Shinbone Valley and Talladega Valley in Clay County—the following 
associations of mesophile herbaceous plants have been observed. 
1 Growing also in the lower valleys and on the Coast plain. 
