FORESTS OF MOIST AND SWAMPY LANDS. 117 
With these are associated creeping club moss (Lycopodium alopecu- 
roides) and many species of the paludial plants found also on the flats 
and in the swamps of the coast plain, including insectivorous sundews, 
bladderworts, and pitcher plants. Characteristic species are: 
Limodorum pallidum. Drosera filifor mis. 
Lophiola aurea,' Utricularia juncea. 
Gyrotheca tinctoria.1 Utricularia subulata.’ 
Juncus trigonocarpus. Sarracenia purpurea.! 
Eriocaulon decangulare.* Sarracenia psittacina. 
Drosera intermedia. Sabbatia macrophylla. 
The Sarracenias mentioned, which are the most prominent, rest their 
rosettes of urn-shaped leaves on the water-soaked peat moss. Sarra- 
cenia drummondu and S. rubra, with their trumpet-shaped, erect 
leaves, are abundant on the black peaty soil which covers the undula- 
tions where the impervious aluminous clays and compacted sands 
prevail. In the middle of the spring these plants produce their one- 
flowered scapes from stout rootstocks before the appearance of the 
leaves. In midsummer, when the leaves have attained their full 
growth, the boggy hillsides and depressions present to a superficial 
view the aspect of meadows richly adorned with flowers of white and 
roseate tints, imparted by the white, purple-veined tops of the leaves 
of these sarracenias. The display of these colors serves to attract 
insects, which, entering the leaves in search of the sweets secreted 
within, are entrapped, with no possibility of escape, and thus become 
sources of nourishment to these plants. 
Mesophile and paludial forests.—Evergreens, nearly all of them 
types of the Louisianian area, predominate in the tree growth which 
shades the damp or wet, more or less sandy, banks of the numerous 
streams rising in the maritime pine belt. Magnolia, white bay, and 
oaks with entire, narrow, persistent or semipersistent leaves (Quercus 
laurifolia, Q. aquatica), with Cuban pine, loblolly pine, rarely short- 
leaf pine, pond cypress (Zuwodium distichum imbricaria), and ‘‘ juni- 
per” or white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides) largely prevail over the 
deciduous black gum (Wyssa biflora), red gum, aud swamp maples. 
Groves of the pond or upland cypress just mentioned—a variety closely 
connected with the type by intermediate forms—cover the shallow 
pine-barren ponds and semiswampy woods of a poor, sandy soil desti- 
tute of vegetable mold. This form of the cypress in the size and 
quality of its wood is greatly inferior to the typical cypress of the 
alluvial swamps, and is at once recognized by the leaves, which are 
closely appressed to the deciduous, annual shoots. By this peculiarity 
of the foliage a check to excessive transpiration is provided during 
the time of drought, when the sandy soil is laid bare to the sun and its 
supply of water is failing. The white cedar of the lower pine region 
is met with most frequently in the sandy swamps around the head 
