FORESTS OF MOIST AND SWAMPY PINE BARRENS. 125 
sede it on ground slightly above the ordinary water level. Black gum, 
water oak, water hickory, green ash, more rarely Southern red oak, 
elm, black cottonwood, and overcup oak of rather stunted growth 
form the high forest overshadowing the smaller trees, of which the 
most conspicuous are planer tree; red maple, hornbeam, Crataegus 
viridis, C. elliptica, and the apple haw (Crataegus aestivalis). This 
haw was observed on the flooded banks of Davids Lake, a large inlet 
of Mobile River, with a slender stem fully 30 feet high. It unfolds 
its flowers during the first days of spring (early in February) and ripens 
its highly palatable, fine-flavored fruit in the beginning of April. Sty- 
ravamericana, Osmanthus americanus, lex decidua, Nex longipes, parsley 
haw (Crataegus apiifolia) form the shrubby undergrowth. The hand- 
some silverbells, the dahoon holly, and the swamp dogwood occupy 
the drier outskirts of these swamps. In their interior the blue palmetto 
reaches its perfection, the trunk rising from 2 to 3 feet above the 
ground, the fan-shaped leaves with their stalks 8 to 10 feet long. 
Black willow and cottonwood cover the recent alluvium. But a small 
number of paludial plants are found in the depths of these swamps, viz: 
Onoclea sensibilis." Peltandra virginica! 
Osmunda regatlis.! Hymenocallis occidentalis." 
Woodwardia. virginica.' 
In the openings the shallow pools are filled with— 
Carex stipata maxima. Homatlocenchrus rirginicus.! 
Carex vulpinoidea. Polygonum portoricense. 
Homalocenchrus oryzoides.* Saururus ceruwus (lizard’s tail). 
Add to these, where the shade is deep, Azvlla caroliniana and a fine 
Riccia in circular tufts which float on the surface. On the ground 
above the overflow are found— 
Cyperus dissitiflorus, Sadbatia calycina,' 
Panicum gymnocarpum, Bidens involucrata,! 
Gyrostachys odorata,' Erianthus strictus, 
Hypericum nudiflorum, 
the last on the exposed borders of the pools. 
Paludial and mesophile forests of the pine barrens.—Descending 
from the rolling hills to the flats of the coast plain the pine-barren 
streams overflow their low banks of shifting sands and gravel. In 
general the tree covering remains unaltered. When the soil is more 
deeply submerged, the pond cypress and white cedar prevail over_the 
white bay, magnolias, etc., and where the water is more shallow and 
the ground less oozy Osmanthus americanus, Myrica (nodora, and [lex 
caroliniana are more frequent than among the hills. The miry spaces 
between the roots of the trees, which in these wooded shallow swamps 
run partially above the ground, are filled with peat mosses and the 
moss-like tufts of Mayaca aubletii and studded with coarse ferns— 
Osmunda cinnamomea, O. regalis, Woodwardia ungustifolia, and W. 
1Found also in the Carolinian area. 
