REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF LICHENS. 265 
of the warmer temperate zone or the Carolinian and Louisianian life 
areas, one-half of this proportion having their home exclusively in the 
latter. In the mountain region on the ridges of greatest elevation a 
vertically sharply limited rupestrian lichen formation is met with. At 
an elevation approaching 2,000 feet the bare Carboniferous sandstone 
cliffs or the flinty metamorphic rocks which form the brow and summit 
of the ridges are covered by the black thallus of Umbilicaria pustulata 
(variety papulosa) not encountered at a lower altitude. Judge Peters, 
who had been collecting in a section of the mountain region with the 
highest point scarcely exceeding 1,600 feet, stated that he had not found 
an Umbilicaria in Alabama. Ashy-gray Endocarpons (£.muhlenbergii), 
lead-colored saxicole Pannarias, and the white and light-gray incrusta- 
tions of Verrucarias and Lecanoras invest the rocky crests of these 
heights with a coating of various tints. The following have been found 
to prevail throughout the mountain region, having been collected on 
sandstone by T. M. Peters: 
Biatora rufonigra. Pannaria crossophylla. 
Nephroma helveticum. Pannaria triptophylla. 
Lecanora rubina. Pertusaria sorediata. 
Lecanora privigna. Physcia obscura. 
Lecanora cinerea. Leptogium lacerum. 
Cecanora muralis. Leptogium apalachense. 
Rinodina thomeae. Leptogium pulchelium. 
Cladonia caespiticia. Leptogium juniperinum. 
Cladonia squamosa, Leptogium myochroum. 
Cladonia jfimbriata. Collema callibotrys. 
Collected on limestone: 
Staurothele disfractella. Omphalaria symphorea. 
Staurothele petersii. Omphalaria girardi. 
Verrucaria rupestris purpurascens, Omphalaria umbella. 
Sagedia fuscella. Omphalaria melambola. 
Placodium aurantiacum. Omphalaria schaereri. 
Placodium ferrugineum. Collema pustulatum, 
Collema tenax and a few other collemaceous lichens, like Pannaria 
stenophylla, P. petersit, and Heppia despreauxii, prefer the somewhat 
sheltered, moss-covered rocky shelves, where there is a slight accu- 
mulation of earth. These lime-loving lichens are also found in the 
adjacent valleys on the outcrops of the mountain limestone. In the 
shallow rocky beds of brooks all over the Warrior table-land, at an 
elevation of 900 to 1,000 feet, Hphebe pubescens is abundant, where also 
on the wet rocks of the banks of the head waters of the Sipsey River 
(Winston County) Endocarpon fluviatile and Lecanora lacustris occur. 
The ledges of the ferruginous sandstone or conglomerates crowning the 
crests and flanks of the Orange sand throughout the Coast Pine belt 
are covered with the black crusts of Lecanora xanthophana, 
In the Coast Pine belt, and particularly in the damp Coast plain, 
lichens abound. The hammocks and wooded swamps which border the 
