826 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 
Juniperus virginiana L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1039. 1753. Rep CEpaR. SAVIN, 
Michs. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 3:42, 4. 5. Ell. Sk. 2:717. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 494. 
Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2:555. ’ 
Alleghenian to Louisianian area. Quebec, Ontario, New England, west to Min- 
nesota, eastern Nebraska, and Texas, and south to Florida and the Gulf coast. 
ALABAMA: Over the State. Flowers latter part of January and in February; fruit 
matures in October of the first year. Most frequent and in great perfection in the 
coves and valleys of the Tennessee basin, forming more or less extensive brakes in 
the limestone ridges of the same region. In the Central Prairie belt and the adjacent 
Upper division of the Coast Pine belt, once abundant; at present almost exhausted. 
Type locality: ‘Hab. in Virginia, Carolina.” 
Economic uses: The timber is highly valuable for pencil wood and other purposes. 
Medicinally it yields the leaves or tops of Juniperus virginiana U.S. P., 1870. Obsv- 
lete. The oil of red cedar, distilled from the wood, is used in perfumery and as an 
insectifuge. 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Juniperus barbadensis L. Sp. Pl. 2:1039. 1753. 
Juniperus virginiana australis Carr. Trait. Conif. 44. 1855. 
Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2:246. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 503. 
Tree 50 to 60 feet high, the sturdy trunk 16 to 24 inches in diameter, 15 to rarely 
25 feet tall; limbs wide-spreading, forming a rather open roundish-vval head, the 
branches and branchlets drooping; leaves minute, on the younger branches decus- 
sately imbricate, deltoid-ovate, bluntish, or on the youngest and most vigorous 
shoots subulate-lanceolate, acutish; furrow of the oil gland more or less oblong- 
linear. Fruit (galbulus) globose, glaucous black. 
WEst InpiEs, BAHAMAS; JAMAICA IN THE BLUE MOUNTAINS, ANTIGUA. 
Lonisianan area, Southern coast of South Carolina to Flurida and throughout the 
peninsula, along the gulf shore to Mississippi; indigenous in the cedar hammocks of 
the eastern gulf shore. Frequently cultivated about dwellings and naturalized in 
lower Louisiana and Mississippi. 
ALABAMA: Coast plain and Littoral belt. Cedar hammocks. Mobile County, 
Bayou Labatre. 
Distinguished from Juniperus virginiana by its habit of growth, the character of 
its leaves, the somewhat longer staminate tlowers, and the smaller fruit. 
Type locality: ‘‘ Hab. in America.” 
Economic uses: Important for its wood, which is most highly esteemed for pencil 
casings. 
Class ANGIOSPERMAE (METASPERMAB), 
Subclass MONOCOTYLEDONES. 
TYPHACEAE. Cat-tail Family. 
TYPHA L. Sp. Pl. 2:971. 1753. 
Twelve species, temperate and tropical regions, 2 North American. Perennial 
aquatics. 
Typha latifolia L. Sp. Pl. 2:971. 1753. LarGE CaAT-TAIL FLAG. 
Gray, Man. ed. 6, 547, Chap. Fl. 443. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2:188. Coulter, Contr. 
Nat. Herb. 2: 452. 
Europe, Asia, NortH AFRICA. : 
Alleghenian to Louisianian area, Throughout British North America to the Pacific; 
from New England to Florida and west to California. 
ALABAMA: Over the State. Shallow ponds and marshes; abounds in the tidewater 
region. Jlowers in June. 
Type locality: ‘Hab. in paludibus Europae.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Typha angustifolia L. Sp. Pl. 2:971. 1753. SMALLER CAT-TAIL. 
Gray, Man. ed. 6, 547. 
EUROPE. 
Alleghenian to Louisianian area. Nova Scotia, Ontario, New England; west to 
Michigan and Missouri; coast of New York and New Jersey. 
