BIRCH FAMILY. 467 
Type locality: ‘Native of North America.” 
Herb, Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Corylus americana Walt. Fl. Car. 236. 1788. 
Ell. Sk. 2:611. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 474. Chap. Fl. 425. 
Alleghenian and Carolinian areas. Ontario to Assiniboia; New England west to 
Minnesota, Dakota, Nebraska, and Arkansas, south to New Jersey, upper district of 
Carolina and Georgia. 
ALaBAMA: Tennessee Valley. Coosa Valley, dry woods. Claiborne County, 
(H. A. Smith). Lauderdale County, river hills. Flowers in March; fruit ripe 
September, October. Not frequent. 
Economic uses: The nuts are edible. 
Type locality: South Carolina. 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
BETULA L. Sp. Pl. 2: 982. 1753. Breen. 
About 30 species, boreal and temperate zones of Northern Hemisphere, Europe and 
Asia. North America, 11. Deciduous trees. 
Betula lenta L. Sp. Pl. 2:983. 1753. CuxrRrRY BrrcH. MOUNTAIN MAHOGANY. 
Betula excelsa Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 337. 1789. 
Ell. Sk.2:617. Gray, Man.ed.6:471. Chap. Fl. 428. Sargent, Silv. N. A. 9:50, 
t. 447, 
Canadian zone, Alleghenian and Carolinian areas. Newfoundland, Ontario; New 
England to northern Delaware, south along the mountains 3,000 to 5,000 feet to 
Georgia. . 
ALABAMA: Mountain region. Rocky ridges of greatest elevation. Clay County, 
Chehawhaw Range, 2,400 feet; shrubby, scarcely over 4 feet high. Winston 
County, rocky banks Sipsey fork, 1,600 feet; tree of medium size. Very rare. 
Economie uses: On its extreme southern limit of no importance, being of stunted 
growth. 
Type locality: ‘‘ Hab. in Virginia, Canada.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Betula nigra L. Sp. Pl. 2:982. 1753. Biack BIRCH. 
Betula rubra Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am.2:142. 1812. 
Ell. Sk. 2:616. Gray, Man. ed. 6,472. Chap. Fl. 428. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 
2:413. Sargent, Silv. N. A.9:61, #. 452. 
Alleghenian to Louisianian area. New England, west to Minnesota, Nebraska, 
and eastern Kansas, south to New Jersey, Florida, and the Gulf States, west to 
Texas and Arkansas. 
ALABAMA: Over the State. Of largest dimensions and most frequent on river 
banks of the Lower hills, as for example, on the Mulberry Fork of the Warrior 
River in Blount County, and Marriotts Creek in Cullman County. 
Economic uses: Timber tree of lesser value. 
Type locality: ‘‘ Hab. in Virginia, Canada.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
ALNUS Gaertn. Fruct. 2:54, #90. 1791. ALDER. 
Fourteen species, cooler and temperate regions. Europe, Asia, South America, 
South Africa. Extratropical South America. North America, 8species. Deciduous 
trees. 
Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Koch, Dendrol. 2: 635. 1872. 
Betula alnus rugosa Du Roi, Harbk.1:112. 1771. 
Alnus serrulata Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 336. 1805. 
El. Sk. 2:567. Gray, Man. ed. 6,473. Chap. Fl. 429. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 
2:413. 
Alleghenian to Louisianian area. New England west to Michigan, south to Flor- 
ida and the Gulf States, west to eastern Texas and Arkansas. 
ALABAMA: Throughout the State. Low banks of streams, common. Flowers in 
February. 
Economic uses: The bark, known as ‘‘alder bark,” is used as u dyestuff, and in 
domestic medicine. 
Type locality of A. serrulata: “Hab. a Pensylvania ad Carolinam.” 
Herb, Geol. Surv. Herb, Mohr. 
