468 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 
FAGACEAE. Beech Family. 
FAGUS L. Sp. Pl. 2:.997. 1753. BEECH. 
Four species, deciduous trees. Europe and temperate North America. 
Fagus americana ( Muench.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 370. 1826. AMERICAN BEECH. 
Fagus americana (latifolia) Muench. Hausv. 5:162. 1770. 
F. sylvatica atropunicea Marsh. Arb. Am. 45, 1785. 
F. ferruginea Ait. Hort. Kew. 3:362. 1789. 
Ell. Sk.2:613. Gray, Man. ed. 6,480. Chap. Fl. 425. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 
2:418. Sargent, Silv. N. A.9:27, t. 444, 1895. 
Alleghenian to Louisianian area. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Ontario to 
Georgian Bay; New England, through the Atlantic and Gulf States; Wisconsin, 
south to valley of Trinity River, Texas, and Arkansas. 
ALABAMA: All over the State. Rich woods. Common ou the hammock lands of 
the coast. Baldwin County, Stockton. Mobile County. 
Economic uses: Timber tree. 
Type locality not ascertained. 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
CASTANEA Adans. Fam. Pl. 2:375. 1763. CHESTNUT. 
Three species, deciduous trees, temperate Europe aud North America. 
Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. Forst. Bot. 1:741. 1800. AMERICAN CHESTNUT. 
Fagus castanea dentata Marsh. Arb. Am. 46. 1785. 
Castanea vesca americana Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2:193. 1803. 
Ell. Sk. 2:614. Gray, Man. ed. 6:479. Chap. Fl. 424. Sargent, Silv.N. A. 9:11, 
t. 440, 441, 1896. 
Alleghenian, Carolinian, and Louisianian areas. Southern Ontario, New England, 
west to southern Michigan, southern Illinois, from Delaware along the mountains to 
South Carolina and Georgia. 
ALABAMA: Mountain region to Lower hills. Tuscaloosa County, most frequent on 
the rocky ridges of the table-lands, above an elevation of 800 feet. Cullman, Dekalb, 
Morgan, and Winston counties. Flowers in May; fruit ripe in October. Frequent. 
South of the hill country at present almost extinct. In the mountains, the region 
of its best development, young trees of thrifty growth are scarcely met with. 
Economic uses: Important timber and nut tree. 
Type locality: North America. 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Castanea pumila (L.) Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8, no. 2. 1768. CHINQUAPIN. 
Fagus pumila L. Sp. Pl. 2: 998. 1753. 
Ell. Sk.2:615. Gray, Man. ed.6,479. Chap. Fl. 424. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 
2:418. Sargent, Silv.N.A.9: 15, t. 442, 443. 
Carolinian and Louisianian areas. Southern Pennsylvania to Florida, west to 
eastern Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, southern Indiana, and eastern Tennessee. 
ALABAMA: From the Tennessee Valley to the Gulf. Dry open woods, copses. 
FJowers white, May; fruit ripe in September and October. A small tree, often 
shrubby; frequent. 
Economic uses: The nuts are edible. 
Type locality: ‘‘ Hab. in America septentrionali.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
QUERCUS L. Sp. Pl. 2:994. 1753. Oak.! 
About 250 species, widely distributed through the Northern Hemisphere. Europe, 
Asia, Mexico, North America, 40; South Atlantic North America, 24; Pacific, 13; 
Middle States, New England, 10. Deciduous and evergreen trees; more rarely 
shrubby. 
Quercus alba I. Sp. Pl. 2:996. 1753. WHITE Oak. RipGr WHITE Oak. 
Ell. Sk.2:607. Gray, Man.ed.6,475. Chap. Fl. 423. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 
2:414. Sargent, Silv. N. A.8:16, t. 356, 357. 
Alleghenian to Louisianian area. Quebec, Ontario; New England west to Minne- 
sota, Nebraska, eastern Kansas, south to the St. Johns River and Tampa Bay, and 
from Florida to eastern Texas. 
‘Charles S. Sargent, Silva of North America, vol. 8. 1895. 
