OAKS. 471 
Quercus texana Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1860 : 444. 1861. 
TEXAN Oak. SOUTHERN RED Oak. SPOTTED Oak. 
Sargent, Gard, & For. 7:81; Silv. N.A.8:129. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2: 416. 
Carolinian and Louisianian areas. From the Gulf and Southern Atlantic States to 
Tennessee, western Kentucky, southern Indiana, southern Illinois, lowa, southern 
Missouri, Arkansas, and the Colorado Valley in Texas. 
ALABAMA: Tennessee Valley to the coast In rich low woods. Morgan County, 
Falkville. Cullman County. Monroe County, Claiborne. Clarke County, Choctaw 
Corner. Mobile County, Pierce’s Landing. Baldwin County, Stockton. 
Kvonomic uses: Important tinber tree. The bark, under name of ‘‘red-oak bark,” 
is usect medicinally. 
Type locality: Texas. 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Quercus coccinea Muench. Hausv. 5: 254. 1770. SCARLET Oak. 
Quercus rubra 8 L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2,2: 1414. 1763. 
Ell. Sk. 2:602. Gray, Man. ed.6,477. Chap. Fl. 422. Sargent, Silv. N. A. 8: 133, 
t. 412. 
Alleghenian and Carolinian areas. Southern Delaware to Tennessee, along the 
mouutains to Georgia. 
ALABAMA: Mountain region. Dry uplands, sandy and rocky soil. Table-land of 
Warrior River; frequent. Highlands of Coosa Valley rarely below 800 feet. Law- 
reuce, Winston, Dekalb, Cullman, and Etowah counties. 
Economic uses: Of little value except for fencing and fuel. 
Type locality not ascertained. 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Quercus rubra L. Sp. Pl. 2:996. 1753. RED Oak. 
Ell. Sk. 2:602. Gray, Man. ed. 6.477. Chap. Fl. 422. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 
2:416. 
Alleghenian and Carolinian areas. Canada to Georgia and Mississippi. ? 
ALABAMA: Mountain region. Dekalb County, frequent on Lookout Mountain. 
Jefferson County, Red Mountain, near Birmingham (Sargent). 
Type locality: ‘‘Hab. in Virginia, Carolina.” 
Economic uses: Timber tree of moderate value. The bark is the “red oak bark,” 
Quercus rubra, of the U. S. Pharmacopaia. 
Quercus velutina Lam. Encycl. 1: 721. 1783. Buack OAK. QUERCITRON Oak. 
Quercus discolor Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 358. 1789. 
Q. tinctoria Bartram, Travels, 37. 1791. Name only. 
Q. tinctoria Michx. Hist. Chén. Am. no. 138, ¢. 25. 1801. 
Q. coccinea var. tinctoria Gray, Man. ed. 5, 454. 1868. 
Ell. Sk. 2:601. Gray, Man.ed. 6,477. Chap. Fl. 422. Sargent, Silv. N. A. 8:37, 
t. 415, 416. 
Alleghenian to Louisianian area. Southern Ontario, Minnesota, southern Maine, 
south to Florida, Louisiana, and Arkansas. 
ALABAMA: From the Tennessee Valley over the mountains to the Upper division 
of the Coast Pine belt. In the Lower Pine region of stunted growth. Flowers 
April; fruit ripe in October. Frequent on the table-lands. 
Economic uses: Timber tree. Bark used in tanning and for dyestuff—‘“ quercitron 
bark.” : 
Type locality: ‘On le dit originaire de l’Amérique septentrionale.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Quercus catesbaei Michx. Hist. Chén. Am. no. 17, ¢. 29, 30. 1801. 
TurRKEY Oak. BARREN Oak. FORKED-LEAF BLACK JACK. 
El. Sk. 2:603. Chap. Fl. 422. Sargent, Silv. N. A. 8: 143, t. 477. 
Louisianian area. Coast of North Carolina, south to Cape Malabar, Florida, and 
west to Louisiana (east of the Mississippi). 
ALABAMA: Central Pine belt to the coast. On sterile sandy pine ridges. Au- 
tanga County, Kingston, and throughout the Coast Pine belt. Flowers March; fruit 
ripe in October. Small tree. Abundant in sandy pine barrens. 
Economic uses: For fuel. ; 
Type locality not ascertained. Locality in Michx. Fl.; ‘‘ Hab. in Marylandia, Vir- 
ginia, et Carolina.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
