472 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 
Quercus digitata (Marsh.) Sudworth, Gard. & For. 5:98. 1892. 
SPANISH Oak. ReED Oak (in northern Alabama). 
Quercus nigra digitata Marsh. Arb. Am. 121. 1785. 
Q. cuneata Wangenh. N. Am. Holzart. 78, t. 5, f. 14. 1787. 
Q. falcata Michx. Hist. Chén. Am. no. 16, ¢. 28. 1801. 
Ell. Sk. 2:604. Gray, Man. ed. 6,478. Chap. Fl. 422. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 
2:417. Sargent, Silv. N. A. 8: 147, t. 420. © 
Carolinian and Louisianian areas. From the valley of the Brazos, Texas, through 
the Gulf and Atlantic Southern States west to Tennessee, Arkansas, Missouri, and 
north to New Jersey. 
ALABAMA: Throughout the State, excepting the highest summits, to the coast. 
Of largest size in the bench lands of the Tennessee Valley and in rich bottoms. Most 
common, but of inferior quality, onthe uplands. Mobile County. Flowers March 
and April; fruit ripe in October. 
Economic uses: Valuable timber tree. The bark used for tanning. 
Type locality: North America. 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Quercus pagodaefolia (Ell.) Ashe, Bot. Gaz. 24: 375. 1897. SPANISH OAK. 
Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia Ell. Sk. 2: 605. 1821-24. 
Carolinian and Louisianian areas. Georgia to North Carolina, west to Louisiana 
and Arkansas. 
ALABAMA: Central Prairie region to the Tennessee Valley. Damp alluvial forests. 
Morgan County, Falkville. Hale County. 
To this species have been somewhat dubiously referred the forms differing more 
or less in their foliage from the typical Q. digitata of the uplands and confined to the 
rich damp forests of the valleys. 
Tree of large size, 90 to 100 feet high and from 2 to 3 feet and over in diameter. 
Economic uses: Fine timber tree. 
Type locality: ‘‘This tree I first noticed on the banks of the Roanoke in North 
Carolina, along the road from Petersburg to Raleigh. 1 have since seen it near 
Granby, 8. C.” 
Quercus marylandica Muench. Hausv. 5: 253. 1770. BLack JACK. 
Quercus nigra Wangenh. N. Am. Holzart. 133. 1781. 
EM. Sk.2:600. Gray, Man. ed. 6,478. Chap. Fl. 421. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 
2:417. Sargent, Silv. N. A. 8: 861, t. 426, 427. 
Alleghenian? to Louisianian area. Long Island, New York; west from northern 
Ohio to Minnesota, eastern Kansas, Indian Territory; south from New Jersey to 
Florida, through the Gulf States to the Nueces Valley, Texas. 
ALABAMA: Over the State. Mobile County, April; common. 
Economic uses: For fuel. 
Type locality not ascertained. 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Quercus nigra L. Sp. Pl. 2: 995. 1753. WarTER Oak. 
Quercus nigra aquatica Lam. Encycl.1:721. 1783. 
Q. aquatica Walt. F1. Car. 234. 1788. 
Ell. Sk.2:599. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 478. Chap. Fl. 421. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 
2:417. Sargent, Silv. N. A. 8: 165, t. 428. 
Carolinian and Louisianian areas. From the Colorado Valley, Texas to Florida; 
north to Delaware, southwestern Tennessee, and southern Missouri. 
ALABAMA: Tennessee Valley to the coast. Low rich woods and sandy pine-barren 
swamps. Clay County, Talladega Creek, 1,000 feet. Cullman County, 800 feet. 
Morgan County, Falkville. Madison and every county south. Flowers March; 
fruit ripe in October, November. Common. 
Economic uses: Timber tree. A common shade tree. 
Type locality: ‘‘ Hab. in America septentrionali.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Quercus laurifolia Michx. Hist. Chén. Am. no. 10, t. 77. 1801. 
LaurReEL Oak. WATER Oak. 
Quercus phellos laurifolia Chap. F1. 420. 1860. 
EM. Sk.2:597. Chap. F1.420. Sargent, Silv. N. A. 8: 169, t. 429. 
Carolinian and Louisianian areas. Eastern Gulf States to Florida (Mosquito 
Inlet). North along the Atlantic coast to the Dismal Swamp in Virginia. 
