474 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 
ULMACEAE. Elm Family. 
ULMUS L. Sp. Pl. 1: 225. 1753. ELM. 
Sixteen species, of temperate region of North Hemisphere and in the mountains of 
the tropics. Deciduous trees. 
Ulmus americana L. Sp. Pl. 1:226. 1753. WHITE ELM. 
Ell. Sk. 1:333. Gray, Man.ed. 6,462. Chap. Fl.416. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2: 
406. Sargent, Silv. N. A. 7:43, t. 311. 
Canadian zone to Louisianian area. Ontario to Saskatchewan, 53° latitude; 
New England west to Kansas, Nebraska, Dakota, Arkansas, and the headwaters 
of Missouri River, south through the Ohio Valley and the South Atlantic and Gulf 
States to Florida, Texas, and Arkansas. 
ALABAMA: All over the State. In rich woods, Nowhere abundant. Tuscaloosa 
and Cullman counties. Jefferson County, Birmingham. Montgomery and Mobile 
counties. Flowers in February; fruit ripe in May. 
Economic uses: Timber and ornamental tree. Frequently planted for shade. 
Type locality: ‘‘ Hab. in Virginia.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Ulmus alata Michx. Fl. Am. Bor. 1:173. 1803. WanHoo. WINGED ELM. 
Ell. Sk. 1:334. Gray, Man. ed.6, 462. Chap. Fl.417. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 
2:406. Sargent, Silv. N. A. 7:51, t. 313. 
Carolinian and Louisianian areas. Southern Virginia, middle Tennessee, southern 
Indiana, Missouri, Arkansas, Indian Territory, south and west from North Carolina 
to Florida, Alabama, and the valley of the Trinity River in Texas. 
ALABAMA: Over the State. Low woods, banks of streams. Lauderdale, Cullman, 
and Autauga counties. Baldwin County, Stockton. Of largest development in the 
low forests of the Central prairies. Forty to 60 feet high, 12 to 18 inches in diameter. 
Economic uses: Timber tree. 
Type locality: ‘‘ Hab. in \ irginia et Carolina inferiore.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Ulmus fulva Michx. Fl. Bor. Am.1:172. 1803. Surprery ELtm. RED ELM. 
Ulmus pubescens Walt. Fl. Car. 112. 1788. 
Ell. Sk. 1:333. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 462. Chap. Fl. 416. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 
2:406. Sargent, Silv. N. A. 7:53, t. 305. 
Canadian zone to Lonisianian area, Quebec, Ontario; New England, west to 
Minnesota, Nebraska, eastern Kansas, and Missouri; south to western Florida and 
the Gulf States, to the valley of San Antonio River, Texas, 
ALABAMA: Rich bottoms. Cullman County. Jackson County, Stevenson. Mont- 
gomery County. Autauga County, banks of Alabama River. Flowers in February ; 
fruit ripe in April. Not frequent. Not observed south of Montgomery. 
Economic uses: Of little importance for its timber. The bark is the ‘slippery elm 
bark,” or ‘‘Ulmus,” of the U. 8. Pharmacopcia. 
Type locality: ‘‘ Hab. in Canada, Vermont, Connecticut, montibus Alleghanis, etc. 
frigid. Americ regionibus.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Ulmus serotina Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 27: 92. 1899. 
Ulmus racemosa Chap. F1. ed. 2, 649. 1887. Same, ed. 3, 440. 1897. 
A stately tree, trunk 30 to 40 feet high, and 2 to 3 feet in diameter. ‘‘Leaves oblong- 
obovate, acuminate, variously oblique at the base, coarsely and doubly crenate-serrate, 
glabrous and lustrous above, puberulous below on the prominent midrib and veins; 
flowers perfect, autumnal, racemose, long-pedicellate; calyx six-parted, its divisions 
oblong-obovate, rounded at the apex; ovary sessile, narrowed at the base, hirsute; 
samaras stipulate, oblong-elliptical, deeply two-parted: at the apex, ciliate on the 
margins; seed obovate, raphe conspicuous.” 
Carolinian area. North Carolina, French Broad River (Rugel, 1842). Tennessee, 
limestone ridges near Nashville (Gattinger). Georgia, near Rome (Boynton); also 
planted in the streets (Sargent). 
ALABAMA: Mountain region. Limestone ridges, Madison County. 
There can be no doubt that the large trees with bark-winged branchlets met with 
in the forests of the Cretaceous plain of the Central Prairie belt when observed in 
flower and fruit will be found to belong to this late-blooming elm. 
e yee locality not specifically given. Specimens cited from points already men- 
joned. 
