540 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 
RUBUS L. Sp. Pl. 1:492. 1753.) 
About 200 accepted species, mostly shrubs by, of temperate and warmer regions in 
Northern Hemisphere. Europe, about 56 species. Asia, Mexico. North America, 25. 
Rubus argutus Link, Enum. Hort. Berol 2:60. 1822. 
L&AFY-CLUSTER BLACKBERRY. 
Rubus frondosus Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2, 199. 1824. 
Rubus villosus var. frondosus Torr. Fl. N. & Mid. U. 8. 1:487. 1824, 
Rubus suberectus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:179. 1833. 
Ell. Sk. 2:567, under &. villosus. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 155, in part. Chap. FI. ed. 3. 
Britt. & Br. Hl. Fl. 2:202. 
Alleghenian to Louisianian area. New Brunswick, Lake Superior, throughout 
New England, south to Florida, west to Kansas, Indian Territory, Arkansas, and 
Texas. 
ALABAMA: Over the State. Light sandy soil, old fields, borders and openings of 
woods. [lowers white, latter part of March (Mobile), April; fruit ripe June, 
shining black, juicy, largely consumed. Abundant everywhere; 6 to 8 feet high. 
Economic uses: The common blackberry ot the market used fresh and for pre- 
serves and for making cordial and wine. The root is the ‘‘blackberry root,” 
“Rubus,” United States Pharmacopaia, in part. 
Type locality: ‘‘In America septentrionali.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Rubus argutus floridus (Tratt.) Bailey, Ev. Nat. Fruits, 385, f. 97. 1898. 
Rubus floridus Tratt. Ros. Monogr. 3:73. 1823, 
Differs from the typical] form by the short and large-flowered clusters, the floral 
leaves wedge-obovate and rounded at the top. 
Carolinian and Louisianian areas. Range not well known. Western Florida, 
Mississippi. 
ALABAMA: Metamorphic Hills, Central Pine belt to the Coast plain. Light sandy 
soil. Lee County, Auburn (fF. 8. EHarle). Mobile and Tuscaloosa counties. Not 
rare. 
Type locality (Bailey): ‘‘ Trattinick says that Enslen collected this in North 
America.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. 
Rubus trivialis Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 296. 1803. SOUTHERN DEWBERRY. 
Ell. Sk.1:569. Gray, Man. ed.6,156. Chap. Fl. 125. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 
2:104. 
Carolinian and Louisianian areas. West Virginia; all over the South Atlantic 
and Gulf States, west to Texas, Arkansas, and sonthern Missouri. 
ALABAMA: Throughont. In light soil, open places, roadsides, old fields. Flowers 
white, February (14th, Mobile), March; fruit ripe April, black. 
Common low trailing shrub, foliage persistent. 
Economic uses: The root is used indiscriminately with the above in medicine, 
The large, juicy, palatable fruit is the dewberry of the Alabama market. 
Type locality: ‘‘ Hab. in Carolina et Pensylvania ubique frequens.” 
Her). Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Rubus invisus Bailey, Ev. Nat. Fruits, 374, f. 75, 86. 
Rubus canadensis var. invisus Bailey, Am. Gard. 12: 83. 1891. 
Leaflets oval to ovate-oblong, large, rather thin, coarsely and simply toothed; 
peduncles forking into 2 or 3 divisions, pedicels long; flowers large, sepals foliaceous. 
‘i area. Maine, New York, west to Kansas and Missouri, south to north 
abama, 
ALABAMA: Mountain region, Dry, rocky banks. Dekalb County, summit of 
Lookout Mountain near Mentone, 2,000 feet altitude. Apparently scarce. 
Economic uses: This furnishes the Bartel dewberry of cultivation. 
Rubus enslenii Tratt. Ros. Monogr. 3: 73. 1823. 
Rubus villosus var. humifusus Torr. & Gray, Fl.N.A,1: 455, 1840. 
Rubus baileyanus Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 185. 1894. 
Britt. & Br. 1. Fl. 2: 204. Bailey, Ev. Nat. Fruits, 375, f. 87. 
Weak, trailing, the slender stem with few weak prickles; flowers solitary or in 
twos; fruit small, loose. (Bailey.) 
Carolinian area. Southwestern Michigan, eastern New York. 
ALABAMA: Mountain region. Warrior tableland. Metamorphic Hills. Dekalb 
County on Lookout Mountain with the last. Lee County, Auburn (F. S. Earle). 
Not frequent. 
'L. H. Bailey, Sketch of the evolution of our native fruits, pp. 274 to 385, 1898. 
