ROSE FAMILY. 541 
Rubus cuneifolius Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 1:347. 1814. Sanp BLACKBERRY. 
Rubus parvifolius Walt. Fl. Car. 149. 1788. Not L. 
Ell. Sk. 1:568. Gray, Man. ed. 6,155. Chap. FI. 125. 
Carolinian and Louisianian areas. Southern New York, New Jersey, southern 
Atlantic States to western Florida (Mohr), west to Tennessee, southern Missouri, 
Arkansas, and Mississippi. 
ALABAMA: Tennessee Valley to Lower Pineregion. Dry sandy, gravelly, or rocky 
soil. Openings and borders of woods, old fields. Lauderdale County, Florence. 
Cullman County. Tuscaloosa County (4. 4. Smith). Wilcox and Escambia counties. 
Flowers white to pale rose-color, April; fruit ripe June, July, oblong, large, juicy, 
sweet. Generally diffused over the low hills and prairies; nowhere abundant. 
Economic uses: ‘The ‘ Topsy” variety of blackberry originated from this species. 
Type locality: ‘‘In sandy fields and woods: New Jersey and Carolina.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Rubus hispidus L. Sp. Pl. 1:493. 1753, RUNNING SWAMP BLACKBERRY. 
Rubus ovalis Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 298. 1803. 
Gray. Man. ed. 6,155. Chap. FI]. 125. 
Alleghenian and Carolinian areas. Canada; New England south along the moun- 
tains to South Carolina. 
ALABAMA: Mountain region, low damp sandy or gravelly places. Dekalb County, 
on Lookout Mountain near Mentone, 1,800 feet altitude. Lee County, Auburn, 860 
feet (Baker § Earle). 
Type locality: ‘“‘ Hab. in Canada. Kalm.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Rubus occidentalis L. Sp. Pl. 1:493. 1753. BLACK RASPBERRY. 
Ell. Sk.1:568. Gray, Man. ed.6, 155. Chap. FI. 125. 
Alleghenian to Carolinian area, Quebec, Ontario; New England west to Minne- 
sota, Nebraska, Colorado, and Oregon, south to Ohio and West Virginia, and along 
the mountains tu Georgia. 
ALABAMA: Mountain region. Rocky places. Highest elevations of the Warrior 
tableland. Madison County, Montesano, 1,500 feet. Dekalb County, Mentone, 1,800 
feet altitude. Flowers April; fruit ripe June, black, juicy, well-flavored. Not fre- 
quent. Frequently transplanted by the settlers to their gardens. 
Type locality: ‘‘Hab.in Canada. Kalm.” 
Economic uses: This is the blackcap raspberry. 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
FRAGARIA L. Sp. Pl. 1: 494. 1753. 
Three to 4 species, perennials, temperate regions, Northern Hemisphere, mountains 
of South America. 
Fragaria virginiana Duchesne, Hist. Nat. Frais. 204. 1766, WILD STRAWBERRY. 
Fragaria virginiana illinoensis (Prince) Gray, Man. ed. 5, 155. 1867. 
F illinoensis Prince, Gray, Man. ed.5, 155. 1867. As synonym. 
Gray, Man. ed. 6,158. Chap. Fl. 124. 
Alleghenian to Louisianian area. Ontario; western New York to Minnesota, west 
to Washington, south from Mississippi to Louisiana and Arizona. 
ALABAMA: Tennessee Valley to Central prairies. Open grassy glades and prairies. 
Franklin County, Russellville. Lawrence County, Moulton. Flowers, May; fruit 
matures in June and July. 
As stated by Bartram and by the oldest settlers of the present time, this straw- 
berry was formerly found in great abundance in the glades of the Mountain region 
and the Central prairies, where it is at present rarely met with. 
Type locality not ascertained. 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
DUCHESNEA Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. 10: 372. 1811. 
Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. 3, Abt. 3:33. 1888. 
; STRAWBERRY GERANIUM. 
Fragaria indica Andr. Bot. Repos. ¢. 479. 1807. 
Potentilla durandii Torr. & Gray, Fl. N.A.1:444. 1840. 
Gray, Man. ed. 6, 158. Chap. Fl. Suppl. 620; ed. 3, 136. 
Adventive from India. 
ALABAMA: Central Pine belt to Coast plain. Widely spread in damp _copses, 
shaded borders of fields, roadsides. Tuscaloosa, Baldwin, Monroe, and Mobile coun- 
