672 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 
Ell. Sk. 1:339. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 350. Chap. Fl. 356. Gray, Syn. FIN. A. 2, pt. 
1: 122, 
Carolinian area. Ontario, New York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Tennessee, 
and Georgia. 
ALABAMA: Tennessee Valley. Mountain region and Lower hills. Shaded banks. 
Lauderdale County, Florence (M. C. Wilson). Cullman County. Talladega County, 
Renfroe, 600 feet. Tuscalvosa County (E. A. Smith). Flowers cerulean blue; Octo- 
ber, November. Frequent. Perennial. 
Type locality: ‘ Hab. in Virginia.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Gentiana elliottii Chap. Fl. 356. 1860. BLuE Sampson’s SNAKE-ROOT. 
Gentiana catesbaei Ell. Sk. 1:339. 1817. Not Walt. 
Ell. Sk. le. Chap. Fl.l.c. Gray, Syn. Fl.N.A.2, pt.1:122, ae 
Louisianian area. South Carolina to Florida, west to Mississippi and Louisiana. 
ALABAMA: Central Pine belt to Coast plain. Damp meadows, low wet woods. 
Mobile and Tuscaloosa counties. Flowers large, purplish blue, with green veins, 
open; October, November. Infrequent. Stems 15 to 18 inches long. Perennial. 
Type locality: “‘Banks of streams and ditches, in the lower and middle districts.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Gentiana villosa L. Sp. Pl. 1: 228. 1753. Samrson’s SNAKE-ROOT. 
Gentiana ochroleuca Froel. Gent. 35. 1796. 
G. saponaria Walt. Fl. Car. 109. 1788. Not L. 
EIL Sk.1:340. Gray, Man.ed. 6,351. Chap. Fl. 355. Gray, Syn. FI. N. A. 2, pt. 
1: 123. 
Carolinian and Louisianian areas. Pennsylvania to Florida, west to Louisiana, 
ALABAMA: Over the State. From the Tennessee Valley to the coast. Dry wood- 
lands. Cullman, Tuscaloosa, and Mobile counties. Flowers greenish yellow; 
October. Not infrequent; most common in dry grassy pine barrens of the Coast 
Pine belt. Low, 6 to 10 inches. Perennial. 
Economic uses: The roots of this and G. elliottii, under the name of ‘‘Sampson’s 
snake-root,” are used in domestic medicine. 
Type locality: ‘‘Hab. in Virginia.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. Gent. 287. 1839. CLOSED GENTIAN. 
Gray, Man. ed. 6,351. Chap. F1.356. Gray, Syn. F1.N. A. 2, pt. 1: 123. 
Alleghenian and Carolinian areas. Quebec, Ontario; New England west to Min- 
nesota; Virginia to Missouri, Arkansas, and Tennessee; and south along the moun- 
tains to Georgia. 
ALABAMA: Mountain region. Winston County, near fork of Sipsey River, reported 
by T.M. Peters. Perennial. 
Type locality not given. 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
FRASERA Walt. Fl. Car. 87. 1788. 
Eight species; North America, Pacific and Atlantic. 
Frasera carolinensis Walt. Fl. Car. 88. 1788. AMERICAN COLOMBO. 
Ell. Sk. 1:205. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 352. Chap. FI. 857. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 
2, pt. 1: 125, 
Carolinian area. Ontario; New York, southern Ohio, southern Illinois, south from 
West Virginia along the mountains to Georgia. 
ALABAMA: Mountain region. Upper division Coast Pine belt. Rich upland forests. 
Lawrence County, near Gumpond, 1,200 feet. Blount County, Bangor. Clarke 
County, Suggsville (Dr. Denny). Flowers greenish yellow; May. Infrequent. 
Perennial. Two to 3 feet high from a large fusiform root. 
Economic uses: The root, known as ‘American colombo,” is used in medicine. 
Type locality: South Carolina. 
Herb, Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
OBOLARIA L. Sp. Pl. 2: 632. 1753. 
Single species, saprophytic perennial, Atlantic North America. 
Obolaria virginica L. Sp. Pl. 2: 632. 1753. PENNYWORT. 
Gray, Man. ed. 6, 353. Chap. Fl. 357. Gray, Syn. FI. N. A. 2, pt. 1: 127. Coulter, 
Contr. Nat. Herb. 2: 275, 
Carolinian area. New Jersey to eastern Ilinois, Tennessee south to Georgia. 
