692 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 
A, Smith). Clarke County, Suggsville (Dr. Denny). Mobile County, a slender depau- 
erated form. Flowers white; March, April. Infrequent. Several stems, more or 
ess decumbent from the tuberously thickened root. Perennial. 
Type locality: ‘In Floridis prope Aspalaga (Rugel!).” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
ONOSMODIUM Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:132. 1803. 
Six species, temperate North America, Mexico. United States and British North 
America, 5. 
Onosmodium carolinianum (Lam.) A. DC. Prodr.10:70. 1846. 
CAROLINA FALSE GROMWELL. 
Lithospermum carolinianum Lam. Tabl, Encyel. 1: 367. 1791. 
Gray, Man. ed.6,366. Chap. F1.331. Gray, Syn. FL N.A. 2, pt.1:206. Coulter, 
“Contr. Nat. Herb. 2 : 288. ; 
Alleghenian to Louisianian area. Ontario, western New York, and western Penn- 
sylvania to Missouri, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Colorado; Ohio Valley to Missouri 
and Arkansas; and from New Jersey to Florida and Texas. 
ALABAMA: Throughout the State. Grassy open places, open woods and copses, in 
light soil. Lauderdale, Cullman, Clarke, Washington, and Mobile counties. Flowers 
yellowish white; May, June. Fruitripe July. Common. Most frequent in the Coast 
Pine belt. Perennial. 
Type locality: ‘‘E Carolinia. D. Fraser.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Onosmodium virginianum (L.) A. DC. Prodr.10:70. 1846. : 
VIRGINIA FALSE GROMWELL. 
Lithospermum virginianum L, Sp. Pl. 1:182, 1753. 
Onosmodium hispidum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 133. 1803. 
Ell. Sk. 1:226. Gray, Man. ed. 6,366. Chap. Fl. 331. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2, pt. 
1: 206. 
Carolinian and Louisianian areas. New England and New Jersey, west to Ohio, 
Missouri, and Arkansas, south to the Gulf States from Florida to Louisiana. 
ALABAMA: Central Pine belt to Coast plain. Grassy banks, open copses, light soil. 
Tuscaloosa County (E. A. Smith). Autauga, Clarke, and Mobile counties. Flowers 
dingy white; May. Notinfrequent. Perennial. 
Type locality: ‘‘ Hab. in Virginia.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
VERBENACEAE. Vervain Family. 
VERBENA L. Sp. P1.1:18. 1753. VERVAIN. 
About 80 species, extratropical and tropical zones of both hemispheres, chiefly 
South and Southwestern America. Europe, 1; North America, 16. 
Verbena officinalis L. Sp. Pl.1:20. 1753. Common VERVAIN.- 
Verbena spuria L. Sp. Pl.1:20. 1753. 
Ell. Sk. 2:97. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 401. Chap. F1.307. Gray, Syn. FIN. A. 2, pt. 1: 
335. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2:327. Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 608. 
Europe. Cosmopolitan in warmer temperate regions. 
Naturalized from New Jersey to Florida, west to Texas, Arizona, and southern 
California. 
ALABAMA: Throughout the State, waysides, borders of fields. Most frequent in 
the Tennessee Valley and in the Coast plain. Mobile County, on the coast; a com- 
mon wayside weed. Flowers lilac; July to October. Annual. 
Type locality: ‘‘Hab. in Europae mediterraneae ruderatis.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Verbena xutha Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1834. 
Verbena lucaeana Walp. Rep. 4:23. 1844-1848. 
Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2, pt.1:335. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2 : 327. 
MEXICO. 
Louisianian area. Louisiana and Texas to southern California. 
ALABAMA: Littoral region. Baldwin County, Navy Cove, waste places. Most 
probably adventive from the southwest. Flowers purple, August. Local and rare. 
A coarse weed, 2 to 3 feet high. Perennial. 
Type locality not ascertained. 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
