818 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 
EUROPE. 
Canadian zone to Carolinian area. Newfoundland to Saskatchewan, and to North- 
ern and Middle States. 
ALABAMA: Adventive from Europe on ballast heaps. Mobile County, August, 1893. 
Observed through several seasons; not spreading. 
Type locality: ‘‘Hab. in Enropae cultis agris. ” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mobr. 
Carduus lanceolatus L. Sp. Pl. 2:821. 1753. ComMMON THISTLE. 
Cirsium lanceolatum Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, 2: 130, 1772. 
Cnicus lanceolatus Willd. Prodr. F1. Ber, 259. 1787. 
Evuropr. , 
Naturalized throughont Canada to Vancouver Island, and in the Eastern United 
States. 
ALABAMA: Diffused through the State. Waste places, roadsides. Clay County, 
near Ironaton. Mobile County, near the shipping. July; rare. 
Type locality: ‘Hab. in Europae cultis ruderatis.” 
Herh. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
Carduus pycnocephalus L. Sp. Pl. ed.2,2:1151. 1763. 
EuRore. 
On ballast, Camden, N. J. (Martindale). 
ALABAMA: Mobile County. Adventive on ballast. Three to 4 feet high; flowers 
pale red. Perennial. Observed 1839. 
Type locality: ‘Hab. in Enropa australi.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
ONOPORDON L. Sp. Pl. 2: 827. 1753. Corron THISTLE. 
About 12 species, natives of the Old World. 
Onopordon acanthium L. Sp. Pl. 2: 827. 1753. 
Carolinian area. Adventive in southern New England, other Atlantic States, and 
the Ohiv Valley. 
ALABAMA: Fugitive on ballast. Mobile County, August, 1887. Perennial. 
Type locality: ‘‘ Hab. in Europae ruderatis, cultis.” 
Herb. Geol Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
MARIANA Hill, Veg. Syst. 4:19. 1762, MILK THISTLE. 
(SILYBUM Gaert. Fruct. 2 : 378, t. 162. 1791.) 
One species. Mediterranean region. 
Mariana mariana (L.) Hill, Hort. Kew. 61. 1768. 
Carduus marianus L. Sp. Pl. 2:823. 1753. 
Silybum marianum Gaert. Fruct. 2: 378, t. 162. 1791. MILK THISTLE. 
Gray, Syn. Fl. N.A.1, pt. 2: 405. Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 421. 
MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE. 
Adventive in California. 
ALABAMA: Fugitive on ballast. Mobile County. Flowers purple; May. ‘Three 
to4 feet high. Annual. 
Type locality: ‘‘ Hab. in Angliae, Galliae, Italiae ageribus ruderatis.” 
Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 
CNICUS L. Sp. Pl. 2: 826. 1753. 
One species, Mediterranean countries. 
Cnicus benedictus L. Sp. P]. 2: 826. 1753. BLESSED THISTLE. 
Centaurea benedicta I. Sp. Pl. ed. 2,2: 1296. 1763. 
as Man. ed. 6, 297. Gray, Syn. F1.N. A. 1, pt.2:406. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 
SOUTHERN Eurorn. 
Carolinian area, Naturalized in southern Atlantic seaports, in the interior of 
Texas, and in California. 
