MANDAI, OP NATURB STUDY. 41 



like the following may be asked : Where did you 

 find your walnut tree, Mary ? On high ground or 

 low ground? On black soil or red clay? What 

 kinds of trees grow in the same neighborhood with 

 the walnut? Where did you find yours, John? 

 And yours, Susie ? Do you find any walnut trees 

 along swamps or marshes ? 'What kinds of trees 

 do we find in such places ? Where did you find 

 your water beech, Willie? Your cotton wood? 

 Quaking aspen (Quakin' Asp)? Birch ? Willow ? 

 Are these all neighbors to one another? Which 

 are neighbors of the walnut? I wonder if these 

 neighbors are an advantage or an injury to the 

 walnut. (Here the struggle for existence may be 

 discussed to some extent, taking care to bring out 

 the benefits as well as injuries.) Call attention to 

 the large elm that stands out in some vacant lot, 

 as in a door yard, or open field, and compare with 

 one that grows in the dense woods. What diflfer- 

 ence in shape of head or top ? In the amount of 

 ground covered by its shade ? In the density of its 

 foliage? In the general thriftiness of the tree? 

 Why these differences ? 



Take the walnut also as an example and notice 

 its beautiful top when in the open field. Notice its 

 condition when in the dense forest. ' Account for 

 the difference. Invite the personal experience of 



