MANUAL OF NATURE STUDY. 107 



three leaflets), morning glory, hop, rushes and the 

 tall grasses, tendrils, spines or thorns. 



Also underground sterns^ such as tuber, or potato, 

 scaly roots of various kinds, and many others if the 

 teacher can continue the interest along this sort of 

 work. 



Another classification, perhaps more simple, may 

 be mentioned, viz.: Hypocotyls,* scale leaf stems, 

 foliage stems and floral stems. Hypocotyls include 

 all stems whose bud of the main shoot is developed 

 from the apex, for example, the maple, or almost 

 any forest tree, bean, etc. Scale leaf stems are 

 those which are beset with scale leaves and are 

 almost always under ground with axis vertical, as 

 lilies, tulips, hyacinths, onions, stars of Bethlehem. 

 The tuber, a modified scale leaf stem, as also are 

 rootstocks and creeping stems. The foliage stem 

 is above ground and bears leaves with green blades. 

 The peculiar style of the plant is dependent upon 

 the foliage stem. Foliage . stems are herbaceous 

 woody, nodose, scapers, or flower stalks. Erect 

 foliage stems, as caudex, culm, stalk and trunk. 

 The floral stem is that on which the flowers are 

 borne, and may be the main or lateral axis. All 

 stems have nodes, commonly called joints, and in- 



*Hypocotyl is the same as caulicle. Cau!ic!e is the first internode, or portion of 

 the stem be!ow the cotyledons and above the radicle or beginning of the true root. 

 Xt is seldom applied to the part after the plant has developed. 



