108 MANUAI, OF NATURE STUDY. 



ternodes, the part between the nodes. In all kinds 

 of stems presented, the nodes and internodes should 

 be pointed out. 



Arrangement of leaves and branches. — The ar- 

 rangement and mode of branching and form of the 

 tree must depend, to a great extent, upon the ar- 

 rangement of leaves upon the branch. As the leaves 

 are arranged, so are the branches, because the branch 

 always appears from the axil of the leaf. Opposite 

 leaves produce opposite twigs and branches. The 

 maple is an excellent example of such an arrange- 

 ment. In alternate arrangement, the branch has 

 but one leaf to each node. Not more than one 

 branch or twig will appear as a rule in the alternate 

 arrangement. Compare the linden with the maple, 

 as to arrangement of leaves and branches. Com- 

 pare with corn, wheat and other grasses. How 

 many vertical ranks in each specimen compared? 

 Try to find stem with three ranked arrangement. 

 Try cherry, poplar, apple, peach, plum, and count 

 the ranks (five ranks.) Try the yard plantain for 

 eight ranks. How about the potato ? How do you 

 know that it is a stem and not a root ? Have roots 

 nodes and internodes ? Have they ranks in bud- 

 ding lateral roots ? What is a stem ? What is a 

 secondary stem ? Observe that it is the business 

 of stems to produce roots, leaves and fruits. 



2. Study buds as to position^ arrangement^ 



