118 



STATE BOARD OF HORTICULTURE. 



sure to scorch the hark and cause the fine brush to die; a dis- 

 eased tree is apt to result. The advice, so often given, "that 

 the tree be opened so as to allow plenty of air and sun heat to 

 enter," does not hold good with the orange. Whenever the 

 foliage that protects the trunk and main branches is removed, 

 the inside growth is left exposed to the hot rays of the sun. 

 Trees with one side of the trunk sunburned, and dead bark, 

 resulting from the removal of the brush that protected it, are 

 not uncommon throughout the State. 



Low-trained trees protect their trunks and inner growth by 

 the shade of their limbs and foliage, and the ground under- 

 neath is prevented from drying out. 



Orange orchard pruned high. 



*" Experience and careful observation have fully satisfied 

 the members of this club that the formation of low heads is 

 the true method for the Washington Navel and other varieties 

 of budded oranges. The shears should be used sparingly; in 

 fact, scarcely used at all in young orchards, at least for six or 

 eight years. The young growth should be guided with the 

 definite object of developing a close and systematic head. 

 J. H. Reed, to whom I am much indebted, in writing this paper, 

 for definite statements in regard to his experimental work, 

 says: 'As to pruning, I have demonstrated, to my own satis- 

 faction at least, that need of pruning the orange can be 



*Fr.)in report of J. M. Edmison to Piiverside Horticultural -Club, February, 

 1899. 



